Dynamic time domain near-infrared optical tomography based on a SPAD camera

Jiang, Jingjing; Mata, Aldo Di Costanzo; Lindner, Scott; Charbon, Edoardo; Kalyanov, Alexander

doi:10.1364/boe.399387

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3'000 source-detector pairs. We have demonstrated Pioneer performance in a series of laboratory tests in phantoms, including high-resolution imaging 1,4 , tracking fast process 5 and revealing bio-dynamic in vivo 6 .…”

Section: Td Nirot Pioneermentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-multiplexing approach for fast time-domain near-infrared optical tomography combined with neural-network-enhanced image reconstruction

Kalyanov,

Ackermann,

Russomanno

et al. 2023

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging IX

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Near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) is a non-invasive imaging technique based on diffuse propagation of light in turbid media. It has high sensitivity to tissue oxygenation, which is a vital biomarker. NIROT enables one to quantify and image oxygenation at a bed-side in clinics, thus complementing other imaging modalities. Time-domain (TD) NIROT systems benefit from time-of-flight (ToF) information, but are often affected by relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and long acquisition time. However, fast acquisition is needed for in vivo assessment of oxygenation. In this work we present a time-multiplexing approach which enables multiple-fold faster acquisition with high SNR, suitable for various ToF applications, including NIROT. We combine it with hybrid convolutional neural-network (hCNN)-enhanced reconstruction to achieve an impressive 11-fold increase in acquisition speed.

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Section: Td Nirot Pioneermentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-multiplexing approach for fast time-domain near-infrared optical tomography combined with neural-network-enhanced image reconstruction

Kalyanov,

Ackermann,

Russomanno

et al. 2023

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging IX

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“…Here, in order to obtain the afterpulsing probability corresponding to the n-th pulse after the avalanche detection (denoted by APP(p n )), we replaced t 1 and t 2 by nT P − T G and nT P − T B in Equation (5), respectively. As a result, the total afterpulsing probability of the time-gated SPAD can be obtained as:…”

Section: Afterpulsing Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMOS realization in array format and high sensitivity in the visible and near-infrared spectral range have made the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) a very attractive low-light detector for different sensor and imaging applications such as laser ranging, quantum processing, biomedical microscopy, astronomical telescopes, optical communication, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. By exploiting the avalanche mechanism to generate a macroscopic current pulse, when the device is biased above its breakdown voltage (Geiger mode), the absorption of a single photon can generate a detectable count signal with eliminated read noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Mahmoudi

Hofbauer

Goll

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

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“…It was successfully used to scan healthy and ill infants in a clinical environment [88,89], an example of data produced by this system is provided in Figure 3. More recently, a new TD-DOT system based on a commercial SCL filtered by an AOTF, and a 32 × 32-pixel SPAD camera, has been developed by a team at the Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory at the University of Zurich [26,27,90]. This system operates at 2 wavelengths and at 11 sources points, which can be scanned in about 3 s. It is a big step forward compared to previously developed system, especially considering its size, as it is handheld.…”

Section: Novel Instrument Developementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Supercontinuum Laser Sources in Biomedical Diffuse Optics: Unlocking the Power of Multispectral Imaging

2021

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Optical techniques based on diffuse optics have been around for decades now and are making their way into the day-to-day medical applications. Even though the physics foundations of these techniques have been known for many years, practical implementation of these technique were hindered by technological limitations, mainly from the light sources and/or detection electronics. In the past 20 years, the developments of supercontinuum laser (SCL) enabled to unlock some of these limitations, enabling the development of system and methodologies relevant for medical use, notably in terms of spectral monitoring. In this review, we focus on the use of SCL in biomedical diffuse optics, from instrumentation and methods developments to their use for medical applications. A total of 95 publications were identified, from 1993 to 2021. We discuss the advantages of the SCL to cover a large spectral bandwidth with a high spectral power and fast switching against the disadvantages of cost, bulkiness, and long warm up times. Finally, we summarize the utility of using such light sources in the development and application of diffuse optics in biomedical sciences and clinical applications.

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Dynamic time domain near-infrared optical tomography based on a SPAD camera

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Time-multiplexing approach for fast time-domain near-infrared optical tomography combined with neural-network-enhanced image reconstruction

Time-multiplexing approach for fast time-domain near-infrared optical tomography combined with neural-network-enhanced image reconstruction

Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

The Use of Supercontinuum Laser Sources in Biomedical Diffuse Optics: Unlocking the Power of Multispectral Imaging

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