Dynamics and ecological consequences of avian influenza virus infection in greater white-fronted geese in their winter staging areas

Kleijn, David; Munster, Vincent J.; Ebbinge, B.S.; Jonkers, D.A.; Müskens, G.J.D.M.; Randen, Y. van; Fouchier, Ron A. M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0026

Cited by 59 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Variations of LPAIV infection among years are commonly reported in wild birds [13,18,41]. In our study, prevalence of LPAIV infection significantly increased in the last two years in Barnacle geese and Greater white-fronted geese (Fig 1B and 1C).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

No evidence that migratory geese disperse avian influenza viruses from breeding to wintering ground

et al. 2017

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Low pathogenic avian influenza virus can mutate to a highly pathogenic strain that causes severe clinical signs in birds and humans. Migratory waterfowl, especially ducks, are considered the main hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza virus, but the role of geese in dispersing the virus over long-distances is still unclear. We collected throat and cloaca samples from three goose species, Bean goose (Anser fabalis), Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) and Greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons), from their breeding grounds, spring stopover sites, and wintering grounds. We tested if the geese were infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus outside of their wintering grounds, and analysed the spatial and temporal patterns of infection prevalence on their wintering grounds. Our results show that geese were not infected before their arrival on wintering grounds. Barnacle geese and Greater white-fronted geese had low prevalence of infection just after their arrival on wintering grounds in the Netherlands, but the prevalence increased in successive months, and peaked after December. This suggests that migratory geese are exposed to the virus after their arrival on wintering grounds, indicating that migratory geese might not disperse low pathogenic avian influenza virus during autumn migration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

No evidence that migratory geese disperse avian influenza viruses from breeding to wintering ground

et al. 2017

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“…The flight distance and speed of successfully‐tracked birds are also similar to the few instances of rapid long‐distance movements evaluated from direct band recoveries or resightings (Clausen et al. 2002; Kleijn et al. 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In two multi‐year studies of banded migratory mallards Anas platyrhynchos (Latorre‐Margalef et al. 2009) and greater white‐fronted goose Anser albifrons (Kleijn et al. 2010), dispersal distance of LPAI‐infected birds (estimated from banding recoveries or resightings) did not differ from that of uninfected birds, including during the first days after testing (Kleijn et al.…”

Section: Captive Versus Free‐living Wildfowlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wildfowl: dispersal ranges and rates determined from large‐scale satellite telemetry

Gaidet

Cappelle

Takekawa³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Ecology

139

152

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Summary1. Migratory birds are major candidates for long-distance dispersal of zoonotic pathogens. In recent years, wildfowl have been suspected of contributing to the rapid geographic spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. Experimental infection studies reveal that some wild ducks, geese and swans shed this virus asymptomatically and hence have the potential to spread it as they move. 2. We evaluate the dispersive potential of HPAI H5N1 viruses by wildfowl through an analysis of the movement range and movement rate of birds monitored by satellite telemetry in relation to the apparent asymptomatic infection duration (AID) measured in experimental studies. We analysed the first large-scale data set of wildfowl movements, including 228 birds from 19 species monitored by satellite telemetry in 2006-2009, over HPAI H5N1 affected regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. 3. Our results indicate that individual migratory wildfowl have the potential to disperse HPAI H5N1 over extensive distances, being able to perform movements of up to 2900 km within timeframes compatible with the duration of asymptomatic infection. 4. However, the likelihood of such virus dispersal over long distances by individual wildfowl is low: we estimate that for an individual migratory bird there are, on average, only 5-15 days per year when infection could result in the dispersal of HPAI H5N1 virus over 500 km. 5. Staging at stopover sites during migration is typically longer than the period of infection and viral shedding, preventing birds from dispersing a virus over several consecutive but interrupted long-distance movements. Intercontinental virus dispersion would therefore probably require relay transmission between a series of successively infected migratory birds. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results provide a detailed quantitative assessment of the dispersive potential of HPAI H5N1 virus by selected migratory birds. Such dispersive potential rests on the assumption that free-living wildfowl will respond analogously to captive, experimentallyinfected birds, and that asymptomatic infection will not alter their movement abilities. Our approach of combining experimental exposure data and telemetry information provides an analytical framework for quantifying the risk of spread of avian-borne diseases.

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“…Although only in specific years, a similar result was found in greater white-fronted geese ( Anser albifrons ) that were also naturally infected with an IAV [11]. However, because these were observational studies on free-ranging birds, causation between body condition and infection with a IAV is difficult to conclude [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Impact of body condition on influenza A virus infection dynamics in mallards following a secondary exposure

et al. 2017

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Migratory waterfowl are often viewed as vehicles for the global spread of influenza A viruses (IAVs), with mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) implicated as particularly important reservoir hosts. The physical demands and energetic costs of migration have been shown to influence birds’ body condition; poorer body condition may suppress immune function and affect the course of IAV infection. Our study evaluated the impact of body condition on immune function and viral shedding dynamics in mallards naturally exposed to an H9 IAV, and then secondarily exposed to an H4N6 IAV. Mallards were divided into three treatment groups of 10 birds per group, with each bird’s body condition manipulated as a function of body weight by restricting food availability to achieve either a -10%, -20%, or control body weight class. We found that mallards exhibit moderate heterosubtypic immunity against an H4N6 IAV infection after an infection from an H9 IAV, and that body condition did not have an impact on shedding dynamics in response to a secondary exposure. Furthermore, body condition did not affect aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system, including the acute phase protein haptoglobin, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and antibody production. Contrary to recently proposed hypotheses and some experimental evidence, our data do not support relationships between body condition, infection and immunocompetence following a second exposure to IAV in mallards. Consequently, while annual migration may be a driver in the maintenance and spread of IAVs, the energetic demands of migration may not affect susceptibility in mallards.

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Dynamics and ecological consequences of avian influenza virus infection in greater white-fronted geese in their winter staging areas

Cited by 59 publications

References 37 publications

No evidence that migratory geese disperse avian influenza viruses from breeding to wintering ground

No evidence that migratory geese disperse avian influenza viruses from breeding to wintering ground

Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wildfowl: dispersal ranges and rates determined from large‐scale satellite telemetry

Impact of body condition on influenza A virus infection dynamics in mallards following a secondary exposure

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