“…Most of the previous numerical studies on TCF were conducted using a single wavelength ( two gap widths or aspect ratio 2) fluid column as the axial height with periodic boundary condition at the both ends of cylinder (Marcus, 1984;Fazel & Booz, 1984;Liao, Jane & Young, 1999;Bilson & Bremhorst, 2006;Dong, 2007;Abshagen et al, 2008;Pirrò & Quadrio, 2008;Heise et al, 2008;Jeng & Zhu, 2010;Kristiawan, Jirout & Sobolík, 2011;Sobolik et al, 2011;López et al, 2015;Ng, Jaiman & Lim, 2018; Dessup et al, 2018). In this study, DNS has been carried out for two different heights of fluid column, namely single wavelength fluid column (Height = 2 times the annular gap size) and four wavelengths fluid column (Height = 8 times the annular gap size).…”