Dynamics of breast milk antibody titer in the six months following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Duncombe, Caroline J.; McCulloch, Denise J.; Shuey, Kiel; Logue, Jennifer K.; Franko, Nicholas; Wolf, Caitlin R; Frivold, Collrane; Chu, Helen Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104916

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Based on systematic review by Low et al [ 10 ] the longest duration of antibody persistence in human milk reported from onset of COVID-19 infection until end of study was 195 days in a single individual [ 13 ]. Duncombe et al reported durable anti-RBD IgA antibodies in breast milk persisting over 6 months [ 14 ] and recent study from Juncker et al reported that IgA antibodies in human milk remain present at least 10 months after PCR confirmed infection [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies in the breastmilk of COVID-19 recovered women

Szczygioł

Łukianowski

Kościelska‐Kasprzak

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Objective Human milk contains antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which may serve as a protective factor through passive immunization in infants. The objective of this study was to measure the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA in human milk and serum after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design Breast milk and serum samples from 72 lactating mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic or symptomatic infection were collected 1-229 days after the onset of clinical symptoms related to COVID-19. Seventeen mothers with no history of COVID-19 served as a control group. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay was performed to analyze antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results SARS-CoV-2-IgA human milk antibodies were detected in mothers and their concentrations were consistently higher than SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies. The serum and breastmilk samples of women with COVID-19 was characterized by a higher concentration of anti-RBD IgA and IgG than the serum from the control group without COVID-19. No statistically significant difference was observed between the antibody levels in the serum samples obtained from symptomatic and asymptomatic women exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and between the antibody level and the time from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result over the period studied. Conclusion Our results confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in the breastmilk of COVID-19 recovered women and the possibility of these antibodies in providing specific immunologic benefits to breastfeeding infants such as protection against the virus transmission and severity of the acquired COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies in the breastmilk of COVID-19 recovered women

Szczygioł

Łukianowski

Kościelska‐Kasprzak

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Breastfeeding has been shown to play no significant role in the transmission of this virus [ 24 , 25 ]. In fact, many studies have found the breast milk of infected mothers to contain SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies up to six months post-infection, strongly suggesting a role for passive viral immunity in the protection of infants [ [26] , [27] , [28] ]. Consistent with these findings, we did not detect any significant differences between children as a function of whether or not they were breastfed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characteristics, clinical course, and laboratory investigation of pediatric COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia

Duabie

Alfattani²,

Althawadi³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

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Background: Since the initial emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies have been exploring the nature and characteristics of this virus and its associated clinical manifestations. The present study aimed to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 infections in pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective review of findings associated with 143 pediatric patients (age <14 years) with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who had undergone inpatient or outpatient treatment at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2020 and October 2020, was conducted. The analyzed data included patient demographic information, pre-existing medical conditions, symptoms, interventions, and outcomes. Results: The median age of this patient population was 7 years. Of these 143 patients, 67 (46.8%) had known pre-existing medical conditions including bronchial asthma (12.8%), chronic lung disease (CLD) (3%), congenital heart disease (CHD) (17%), primary immunodeficiencies (1.5%), malignancies (9.8%), and 7.5% were post-transplant patients. Thirty-seven patients (26%) were overweight or obese. Sixty-three of these patients (51%) were symptomatic, with the most common symptom being fever (55%). Ultimately, 45 patients (31%) required admission to the hospital, with a median duration of hospitalization of 9.6 days for admitted patients. There were no documented cases of infection-related mortality among this pediatric cohort, although 11 patients experienced post-infectious complications that primarily manifested as a loss of taste and smell. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pediatric COVID-19 patients tend to experience mild forms of the disease, without any significant differences in disease severity as a function of patient gender or immune status.

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“…Currently, the role of antibodies found in breast milk from COVID-19 infected mothers on infants has not been specifically studied. In most studies analysing breast milk, reference is made to the fact that future researchers should incorporate not only the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk, but also the maturation, affinity, and functionality of these antibodies [ 84 , 85 ]. IgA antibodies were detected in a study that tested the milk of 2 infected mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgA antibodies were detected in a study that tested the milk of 2 infected mothers. While this study was not designed to evaluate the level of protection that IgA conferred from mother to infant during prolonged lactation periods, patterns of protection found in other respiratory viruses suggest this confers effective passive immunity, but protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection specifically has yet to be established [ 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Relationship and Impact on Breastfeeding—A Systematic Review

2021

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COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). One major problem faced is whether breastfeeding by mothers infected with the virus is safe. The objective of this work is to study the impact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can have on breastfeeding, and whether the virus or antibodies can be transmitted from mother to child through milk. We carried out a systematic review of studies focusing on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on breastfeeding by mothers infected with the virus. The bibliographic search was done through Medline (Pubmed), MedlinePlus and Google Scholar. From 292 records, the title and summary of each were examined according to the criteria, and whether they meet the selection criteria was also analysed. A total of 30 articles are included, of which 26 deal with the study of RNA virus in breastmilk and its involvement in breastfeeding and four on the study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk. Most studies have been conducted in China. Breastfeeding by mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended for infants, if the health of the mother and the infant allow for it. Direct breastfeeding and maintaining appropriate protective measures should be encouraged. Should the mother’s health condition not permit direct breastfeeding, infants should be fed with pumped breastmilk or donor milk.

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Dynamics of breast milk antibody titer in the six months following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Antibodies in the breastmilk of COVID-19 recovered women

Antibodies in the breastmilk of COVID-19 recovered women

Epidemiological characteristics, clinical course, and laboratory investigation of pediatric COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia

COVID-19: Relationship and Impact on Breastfeeding—A Systematic Review

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