Dynamics of dwarf bamboo populations and tree regeneration over 40 years in a clear-cut beech forest: effects of advance weeding and herbicide application

Masaki, Takashi; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Yagihashi, Tsutomu; Ogawa, M.; Tanaka, Hiroshi; Sugita, Hisashi; Satô, Tamotsu; Nagaike, Takuo

doi:10.1080/13416979.2020.1847376

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This may be due to physiological integration with the surrounding containing undamaged Sasa [25]. Similar to our results, there are arguments that removal of the live culms rather promotes the production of new culms [27,[81][82][83]. On the other hand, there were studies that soil scarification, which displaced surface soil with machinery such as bulldozers, was effective in removing dwarf bamboo in northern Japan [84].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Synergistic Effect of Dwarf Bamboo Flowering and Wild Boar Rooting on Forest Regeneration

Cho

Kim

Jung

et al. 2021

Forests

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Sasa spp., monocarpic dwarf bamboos, are known to form recalcitrant understories, lower species diversity, and hinder forest development. Sasa borealis distributed throughout Korea showed a phenomenon of synchronized dieback after large-scale synchronized flowering nationwide around 2015. Therefore, we conducted this study to take advantage of the rare event and add prevailing activity of wild boars and culm removal to elucidate whether they promote the regeneration of a long-term suppressed forest. We set permanent plots in forests with different understory types, and tracked the vegetation change in 5 years with respect to species composition, tree regeneration, and S. borealis reestablishment. This study focused on comparison between plots established after mass flowering. In flowering stands, we found the species diversity increased significantly with increase in species evenness, but not with recruitment of new species. Furthermore, the seeds of mass-produced bamboo germinated, and the seedling abundance was found to increase considerably. In stands rooted by wild boar, species diversity increased through the recruitment of new species, including tree species. It increased the abundance of shrub and perennial herbs, while it suppressed the reestablishment of S. borealis. Although rooting effect was independently significant regardless of flowering, the synergistic effect of rooting and flowering on forest regeneration was outstanding. Wild boar seemed to function as a remover of dead culms and a breaker of remaining underground mats as well as a seed disperser. Consequently, the species composition became similar to the reference stands. However, culm cutting caused negative effects by facilitating S. borealis to re-occupy or resprout. Overall, as the wild boar population increases, the positive effect can be expected to enhance. At landscape scale, considering several factors such as flowering and non-flowering, and population size of wild boar, the long-term suppressed forests by S. borealis are projected to regenerate with mosaic forests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…On the other hand, Masaki et al [27] did not succeed to remove S. palmata and S. kurilensis in spite of 10 years of repeated weeding and herbicide use. This may be due to physiological integration with the surrounding containing undamaged Sasa [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Dwarf Bamboo Flowering and Wild Boar Rooting on Forest Regeneration

Cho

Kim

Jung

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…However, climate change, particularly fluctuation in snow depth, anthropogenic disturbances, and grazing by deer will affect the order of competitiveness and the consequences of clonal competition. The dynamics of dwarf bamboo species is one of the critical factors for the regeneration success of trees, forest dynamics (Abe et al, 2005; Nakashizuka, 1987), and sustainable forest management in Japan (Masaki et al, 2020; Noguchi & Yoshida, 2005; Yoshida et al, 2006). In the context of a changing climate and increasing sika deer populations in Japan, there is a need for further ecological studies on dwarf bamboo species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be assumed that multiple bamboo species co‐occur near the boundaries of their distributions. For example, mixed dwarf bamboo populations with Sasa kurilensis and Sasa palmata or Sasa senanensis have been observed in a beech forest in Niigata Prefecture (Masaki et al, 2020) and a boreal forest in Hokkaido (Noguchi & Yoshida, 2005). On a stand scale, these single or multiple dwarf bamboo species dominate on the forest floor and inhibit the regeneration of trees and other herbaceous plants in the understory (Makita, 1992; Nakashizuka, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive ability of dwarf bamboo (Sasa borealis) through long‐term clonal growth in mixed dwarf bamboo communities in the understory of a temperate deciduous forest

Niiyama,

Shibata,

Saitoh

et al. 2023

Plant Species Biology

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We investigated the clonal competition of three co‐occurring dwarf bamboo species, Sasa borealis, Sasa nipponica, and Sasaella ramosa, for 32 years in an old‐growth beech forest in central Japan. A study plot (10 m × 24 m) was established to examine the culm dynamics of these species. Sasa borealis had a competitive advantage over the other species. It invaded the other bamboo populations at a rate of 0.84–0.89 m/y from 1988 to 2020, while S. nipponica invaded at a rate of 0.17 m/y until 2003. After that, S. nipponica started to retreat at a rate of 0.85 m/y along with the invasion of S. borealis until 2020. The invasion rate of S. borealis did not change before and after the competition with S. nipponica. Our results showed that it would take 13.9–14.8 years from S. borealis invasion for S. nipponica to disappear. The density of S. ramosa decreased but it did not disappear from the plot because it retreated at a slow rate of 0.08 m/y. Sasa borealis almost achieved its potential maximum culm density, but the other two bamboo species did not. If stable conditions were maintained, S. borealis would continue to invade, dominate, and eliminate the other bamboo species. The ecological traits of dwarf bamboo species, such as the maximum density, size, and longevity of culms, are good indicators for assessing their competitiveness. Our findings demonstrate that dwarf bamboo species are actually replaced by another bamboo species in the forest understory during a long period.

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“…However, as suggested two decades ago (Hartley, 2002;Moore & Allen, 1999), retention of standing dead and naturally regenerating trees is a useful approach. For example, in Japan, target tree species cannot always successfully establish and grow due to the suppression by understories and the browsing pressure of sika deer (Cervus nippon) irrespective of planted or naturally regenerated trees (Fujiki & Sakata, 2021;Masaki et al, 2004Masaki et al, , 2021. Retaining existing trees would be feasible and reduce this uncertainty of tree regeneration and growth, and then contribute to the structural and compositional enrichment of plantations.…”

Section: Land Sharing Retaining Keystone Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing land via keystone structure: Retaining naturally regenerated trees may efficiently benefit birds in plantations

Yamaura

Unno

Royle

2023

Ecological Applications

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Meeting food/wood demands with increasing human population and per-capita consumption is a pressing conservation issue, and is often framed as a choice between land sparing and land sharing. Although most empirical studies comparing the efficacy of land sparing and sharing supported land sparing, land sharing may be more efficient if its performance is tested by rigorous experimental design and habitat structures providing crucial resources for various species-keystone structures-are clearly involved. We launched a manipulative experiment to retain naturally regenerated broad-leaved trees when harvesting conifer plantations in central Hokkaido, northern Japan. We surveyed birds in harvested treatments, unharvested plantation controls, and natural forest references 1-year before the harvest and for three consecutive postharvest years. We developed a hierarchical community model separating abundance and space use (territorial proportion overlapping treatment plots) subject to imperfect detection to assess population consequences of retention harvesting. Application of the model to our data showed that retaining some broad-leaved trees increased the total abundance of forest birds over the harvest rotation cycle. Specifically, a preharvest survey showed that the amount of broad-leaved trees increased forest bird abundance in a concave manner (i.e., in the form of diminishing returns). After harvesting, a small amount of retained broad-leaved trees mitigated negative harvesting impacts on abundance, although retention harvesting reduced the space use. Nevertheless, positive retention effects on the postharvest bird density as the product of abundance and space use exhibited a concave form.

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Dynamics of dwarf bamboo populations and tree regeneration over 40 years in a clear-cut beech forest: effects of advance weeding and herbicide application

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Synergistic Effect of Dwarf Bamboo Flowering and Wild Boar Rooting on Forest Regeneration

Synergistic Effect of Dwarf Bamboo Flowering and Wild Boar Rooting on Forest Regeneration

Competitive ability of dwarf bamboo (Sasa borealis) through long‐term clonal growth in mixed dwarf bamboo communities in the understory of a temperate deciduous forest

Sharing land via keystone structure: Retaining naturally regenerated trees may efficiently benefit birds in plantations

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