Dynamics of Ebola RNA Persistence in Semen: A Report From the Postebogui Cohort in Guinea

Subtil, Fabien; Delaunay, Charlotte Lanièce; Keïta, Abdoulaye; Sow, Mamadou; Touré, Abdoulaye; Leroy, Sandrine; Msellati, Philippe; Magassouba, N’Fally; Baize, Sylvain; Raoul, Hervé; Écochard, René; Barry, M.; Delaporte, Eric; Etard, Jean‐François

doi:10.1093/cid/cix210

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There have been nine seminal/testicular persistence longitudinal cohort studies since 1995 that have followed a total of 158 persistent male survivors with seven studies conducted during the West African EVD epidemic [22,23,24,26,29,62,131,133]. Two studies examining the 1995 EVD outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, identified eight males with persistent EBOV in their semen [26].…”

Section: Male Testicular Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the recent West African EVD epidemic lasted two years and resulted in 28,652 cases and 11,325 fatalities across three countries (including suspect, probable, and confirmed cases) [19]. After the West African epidemic subsided, surveillance of EVD survivors revealed that EBOV persists in the male reproductive tract for extended periods of time in the absence of symptoms [21,22,23,24]. While persistence had been noted in cases studies in previous outbreaks of EVD and MVD, the scale of the West African epidemic led to targeted surveillance of survivors in numbers suitable for statistical analysis [25,26,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence and Sexual Transmission of Filoviruses

Schindell

Webb

Kindrachuk

2018

Viruses

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There is an increasing frequency of reports regarding the persistence of the Ebola virus (EBOV) in Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors. During the 2014–2016 West African EVD epidemic, sporadic transmission events resulted in the initiation of new chains of human-to-human transmission. Multiple reports strongly suggest that these re-emergences were linked to persistent EBOV infections and included sexual transmission from EVD survivors. Asymptomatic infection and long-term viral persistence in EVD survivors could result in incidental introductions of the Ebola virus in new geographic regions and raise important national and local public health concerns. Alarmingly, although the persistence of filoviruses and their potential for sexual transmission have been documented since the emergence of such viruses in 1967, there is limited knowledge regarding the events that result in filovirus transmission to, and persistence within, the male reproductive tract. Asymptomatic infection and long-term viral persistence in male EVD survivors could lead to incidental transfer of EBOV to new geographic regions, thereby generating widespread outbreaks that constitute a significant threat to national and global public health. Here, we review filovirus testicular persistence and discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the rates of persistence in male survivors, and mechanisms underlying reproductive tract localization and sexual transmission.

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Section: Male Testicular Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Sexual Transmission of Filoviruses

Schindell

Webb

Kindrachuk

2018

Viruses

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“…The program aimed to mitigate the risk for EVD reintroduction from exposure to survivors' body fluids. We were able to enroll ≈90% of the survivors in Guinea and test the semen of >90% of the enrolled male survivors >15 years of age, an unprecedented rate compared with other survivor monitoring programs (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Program for Decreasing Risk for Ebola Virus Disease Resurgence from Survivors of the 2013–2016 Outbreak, Guinea

Keïta¹,

Keïta²,

Diallo³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Across multiple studies, it has been shown that the cross-sectional percentage of EBOV survivors of the 2014–2015 West African epidemic with a positive RT-PCR for EBOV RNA in the semen ranges from 8.1 to 9.8%. 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 With more living EBOV survivors from this epidemic than ever before, this number represents a considerable pool of individuals. While disease modeling has shown that 50% of individuals will clear the virus from semen at 115 days and 90% will clear it at 294 days, viral EBOV RNA has been detected in the semen for as long as 965 days after initial infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications in Men

Payne

Kenny

Scovell

et al. 2020

Sexual Medicine Reviews

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Introduction The 21st century has seen a series of viral pandemics that have collectively infected millions of individuals. To understand factors that may contribute to viral spread and address long-term health sequelae for survivors, it is important to review evidence regarding viral presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and possible effects on fertility. Aim To review the current literature regarding the sexual transmissibility of recent viral pandemics and their effects on semen parameters and fertility. We review evidence for the following viruses: Ebola, Zika, West Nile, pandemic influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. References from identified articles were searched and included, if appropriate. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measure of this study was reviewing of peer-reviewed literature. Results Both the Ebola virus and Zika virus are present in semen, but only the Zika virus shows consistent evidence of sexual transmission. Current evidence does not support the presence of the West Nile virus, pandemic influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 in semen. The Zika virus appears to alter semen parameters in a way that diminishes fertility, but the effect is likely time limited. The West Nile virus and SARS have been associated with orchitis in a small number of case reports. Viruses that cause febrile illness, such as pandemic influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, are associated with decreased sperm count and motility and abnormal morphology. SARS and SARS-CoV-2 may interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors present in the testes, which could impact spermatogenesis. Conclusions We have reported the presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and fertility side effects of recent viral pandemics. Overall, semen studies and fertility effects are highly understudied in viral pandemics, and rigorous study on these topics should be undertaken as novel pandemics emerge. Payne K, Kenny P, Scovell JM, et al. Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications for Men. Sex Med Rev 2020;XX:XXX–XXX.

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Dynamics of Ebola RNA Persistence in Semen: A Report From the Postebogui Cohort in Guinea

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Persistence and Sexual Transmission of Filoviruses

Persistence and Sexual Transmission of Filoviruses

Public Health Program for Decreasing Risk for Ebola Virus Disease Resurgence from Survivors of the 2013–2016 Outbreak, Guinea

Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications in Men

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