Dynamics of Episodic Magma Injection and Migration at Yellowstone Caldera: Revisiting the 2004–2009 Episode of Caldera Uplift With InSAR and GPS Data

Delgado, Francisco; Grandin, R.

doi:10.1029/2021jb022341

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(392 reference statements)

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“…Adjacent transient uplift and subsidence ground deformation signals have been noted in other volcanic systems around the world and related to an event of magmatic or hydrothermal motions (e.g. Fernandina (Galapagos), Akutan, Yellowstone (United States); Pepe et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018;Delgado and Grandin, 2020). The location and shallow depth (<3 km) of the Húsmúli contracting source coincides with the depth of the main extraction and injection boreholes of the Hellisheiði power plant and within similar crustal volume as man-made hydrothermal deformation sources documented in Juncu et al (2017Juncu et al ( , 2020.…”

Section: Origin Of the Húsmúli Sourcementioning

confidence: 91%

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Inflation-Deflation Episodes in the Hengill and Hrómundartindur Volcanic Complexes, SW Iceland

Ducrocq¹,

Geirsson²,

Árnadóttir³

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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Non-eruptive uplift and subsidence episodes remain a challenge for monitoring and hazard assessments in active volcanic systems worldwide. Sources of such deformation may relate to processes such as magma inflow and outflow, motion and phase changes of hydrothermal fluids or magma volatiles, heat transfer from magmatic bodies and heat-mining from geothermal extraction. The Hengill area, in southwest Iceland, hosts two active volcanic systems, Hengill and Hrómundartindur, and two high-temperature geothermal power plants, Hellisheiði and Nesjavellir. Using a combination of geodetic data sets (GNSS and InSAR; Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar, respectively) and a non-linear inversion scheme to estimate the optimal analytical model parameters, we investigate the ground deformation between 2017–2018. Due to other ongoing deformation processes in the area, such as plate motion, subsidence in the two geothermal production fields, and deep-seated source of contraction since 2006, we estimate 2017–2018 difference velocities by subtracting background deformation, determined from data spanning 2015–2017 (InSAR) or 2009–2017 (GNSS). This method highlights changes in ground deformation observed in 2017–2018 compared to prior years: uplift signal of ∼10 km diameter located in the eastern part of the Hengill area, and geothermal production-related temporal changes in deformation near Húsmúli, in the western part of the Hengill area. We find an inflation source located between the Hengill and Hrómundartindur volcanic complexes, lasting for ∼5 months, with a maximum uplift of ∼12 mm. Our model inversions give a source at depth of ∼6–7 km, located approximately in the same crustal volume as an inferred contracting source in 2006–2017, within the local brittle-ductile transition zone. No significant changes were observed in local seismicity, borehole temperatures and pressures during the uplift episode. These transient inflation and deflation sources are located ∼3 km NW from a source of non-eruptive uplift in the area (1993–1999). We consider possible magmatic and hydrothermal processes as the causes for these inflation-deflation episodes and conclude that further geophysical and geological studies are needed to better understand such episodes.

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Section: Origin Of the Húsmúli Sourcementioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of our data, we have studied simple analytical models and do not explore more complicated sources or interactions of sources which can be investigated using higher order numerical parametric models (e.g. Chang et al, 2010;Walwer et al, 2019;Delgado and Grandin, 2020).…”

Section: öLkelduhálsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflation-Deflation Episodes in the Hengill and Hrómundartindur Volcanic Complexes, SW Iceland

Ducrocq¹,

Geirsson²,

Árnadóttir³

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Nearly horizontal planar volcanic sources, such as sill-like magma intrusions, typically generate a single region of uplift at the surface and are inefficient at generating horizontal deformation (e.g., Segall, 2010;Troise et al, 2007). Pressurized sills-related deformation can be modeled using Tensile Rectangular Dislocations (TRDs) (Okada, 1985) with prescribed uniform opening embedded in a homogeneous elastic half-space (e.g., Delgado & Grandin, 2021;Jonsson, 2009). Here we employed the TRDs solutions of Nikkhoo et al (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithospheric Sill Intrusions and Present‐Day Ground Deformation at Rhenish Massif, Central Europe

Silverii,

Mantiloni,

Rivalta

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Rhenish Massif in Central Europe, which includes the Eifel Volcanic Fields, has shown ongoing ground deformation and signs of possible unrest. A buoyant plume exerting uplift forces at the bottom of the lithosphere was proposed to explain such deformation; the hypothesis of (possibly concurrent) melt accumulation in the crust/lithospheric mantle has not been explored yet. Here, we test deformation models in an elastic half‐space considering sources of varying aspect ratio, size and depth. We explore the effects of data coverage, noise and uncertainty on the inferred source parameters. We find that the observed deformation would require melt accumulation in sub‐horizontal sill‐like structures expanding at the rate of up to ∼0.045 km3/yr. We discuss feasibility, limitations and possible interpretations of our resulting models and elaborate on further observations which may help constrain the structure of the Rhenish Massif magmatic system.

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“…We utilize Sentinel-1 (14 m/pixel, λ = 5.55 cm), ALOS-2 SM1, SM3, and WD1 (2, 10, 60 m/pixel, λ = 24.1 cm), and COSMO-SkyMed (CSK, 2 m/pixel, λ = 3.1 cm) single look complex data. We process these radar images using different workflows implemented in the JPL/Caltech ISCE InSAR software: stripmapApp.py for CSK and ALOS-2 stripmap data, alos2App.py for ALOS-2 ScanSAR data (Liang & Fielding, 2017), and the stackSentinel.py stack processor for Sentinel-1 data (Fattahi et al, 2017), following standard procedures for SAR processing (e.g., Chen & Zebker, 2001;Delgado & Grandin, 2021;Grandin et al, 2012;Shreve et al, 2021Shreve et al, , 2022. We use 19 and 20 interferograms, respectively, in radar geometry to calculate the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 InSAR time series from 6 July to 17 September 2018 (Figure S2 in Supporting Information S1).…”

Section: Insar and Pixel Offsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapdoor Fault Activation: A Step Toward Caldera Collapse at Sierra Negra, Galápagos, Ecuador

Shreve

Delgado

2023

JGR Solid Earth

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Dynamics of Episodic Magma Injection and Migration at Yellowstone Caldera: Revisiting the 2004–2009 Episode of Caldera Uplift With InSAR and GPS Data

Cited by 7 publications

References 144 publications

Inflation-Deflation Episodes in the Hengill and Hrómundartindur Volcanic Complexes, SW Iceland

Inflation-Deflation Episodes in the Hengill and Hrómundartindur Volcanic Complexes, SW Iceland

Lithospheric Sill Intrusions and Present‐Day Ground Deformation at Rhenish Massif, Central Europe

Trapdoor Fault Activation: A Step Toward Caldera Collapse at Sierra Negra, Galápagos, Ecuador

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