Dynamics of Fusarium Mycotoxins and Lytic Enzymes during Pea Plants’ Infection

Abstract

Fusarium species are common plant pathogens that cause several important diseases. They produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, among which mycotoxins and extracellular cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) contribute to weakening and invading the host plant successfully. Two species of Fusarium isolated from peas were monitored for their expression profile of three cell wall-degrading enzyme coding genes upon culturing with extracts from resistant (Sokolik) and susceptible (Santana) pea cultivars. The extracts from Santana induced a sudden increase in the gene expression, whereas Sokolik elicited a reduced expression. The coherent observation was that the biochemical profile of the host plant plays a major role in regulating the fungal gene expression. In order to uncover the fungal characteristics in planta, both pea cultivars were infected with two strains each of F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum on the 30th day of growth. The enzyme activity assays from both roots and rhizosphere indicated that more enzymes were used for degrading the cell wall of the resistant host compared to the susceptible host. The most commonly produced enzymes were cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, pectinase and lipase, where the pathogen selectively degraded the components of both the primary and secondary cell walls. The levels of beauvericin accumulated in the infected roots of both cultivars were also monitored. There was a difference between the levels of beauvericin accumulated in both the cultivars, where the susceptible cultivar had more beauvericin than the resistant one, showing that the plants susceptible to the pathogen were also susceptible to the toxin accumulation.

Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation

“…Compounds such as lignin and resin generated in the woody tissue have the ability to create a protective barrier surrounding the polysaccharides and protein molecules of plant tissues. This barrier serves to hinder fungi from infiltrating through the hydrolysis of plant tissues, thereby bolstering the plant's resistance to diseases [54][55][56]. The study's findings revealed an increase in the type and content of secondary metabolites when comparing the induction of burning holes with the induction of drilling combined with fungi.…”

Antagonistic Potential of Ascorbic Acid and SiO2 Against Fusarium oxysporium, the Causative of Damping–off Disease in Melon Seedlings

“…The isolate HF4 recorded the highest infection percentage, reaching 93.3%, while the infection percentage for the other isolates ranged between 70 -76.0%. The reason for the ability of the pathogenic fungus to cause infection may be due to its ability to attack seeds, causing them to rot and decompose as a result of its secretion of cellulose and pectin-degrading enzymes in the early stages of infection, which plays a role in the process of penetrating the host [20]. Due to the high efficiency of the isolate HF4 in laboratory and field infection, which was obtained from Wasit-Sheik Saad, it was selected for the subsequent experiments.…”

Identification and characterizations of a few species of Fusarium infecting cucumber in greenhouse conditions

“…As a result, recent techniques for accurately identifying Fusarium species combine morphological traits with multi-gene molecular phylogenetic analyses (Jedidi et al, 2021). Fusarium species generate a variety of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins and extracellular cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), which aid in weakening and successfully invading the host plant (Perincherry et al, 2021). The present study aimed to investigate the disease prevalence of Fusarium wilt pathogens that attach cucumber grown in greenhouses in different regions of Babylon Province, and to identify the causal agents using morphological characteristics and sequencing of Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and pathogenicity of the causative agents of Fusarium wilt disease.…”