Dynamics of HIV-1 mRNA expression in patients with long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection.

Comar, Manola; Simonelli, Cecilia; Zanussi, Stefania; Paoli, Paolo De; Vaccher, Emanuela; Tirelli, Umberto; Giacca, Mauro

doi:10.1172/jci119605

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The levels of viremia were evaluated by competitive reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, as described previously (22,23). Briefly, viral RNA was extracted from the virion pellet after ultracentrifugation (40,000 rpm on a TST 55.5 rotor [Kontron, Milan, Italy] for 60 min at 4 Њ C) of 5 ml of plasma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects.

et al. 1997

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HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4 ϩ , CD45RA ϩ , CD26 ϩ , and CD28 ϩ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-␥ ; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. These abnormalities are only partially restored by antiretroviral chemotherapy. Therapy with interleukin-2 has been proposed to restore the functions of the immune system, but the mechanisms by which IL-2 exerts its activities are unknown. The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4 ϩ , CD45RA ϩ , CD45R0 ϩ , and CD26 ϩ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-␥ , RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV ϩ patients.10 HIV ϩ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm 3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. This therapeutic regimen resulted in a remarkable increase in the number of CD4 ϩ cells and in the prolonged reduction of the levels of viremia. CD45R01 cells were expanded during the first cycle of therapy, while CD45RA ϩ /CD26 ϩ cells predominated after the third cycle. At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-␥ , and sCD30 were significantly upregulated.These results demonstrate that rIL-2 in HIV ϩ patients induces the reconstitution of the CD4/CD45RA lymphocytes subtype. This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-␥ . These effects may be beneficial to HIV ϩ patients by improving their immune response to microorganisms or vaccines. ( J. Clin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects.

et al. 1997

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“…Plasmid pSPLI-II, obtained from M. Giacca, was used as a competitor for the competitive determination of the copy number of HIV-1 proviral DNA and of the reference single-copy ␤-globin gene in DNA samples. The in vitro transcription products from plasmid pSPLI-II were used to quantify HIV-1 viral mRNA and cellular ␤-actin mRNA in cellular RNA samples by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (14,15). Competitive quantitative PCR and RT-PCR were performed and analyzed as described previously (15).…”

Section: Clonal Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in vitro transcription products from plasmid pSPLI-II were used to quantify HIV-1 viral mRNA and cellular ␤-actin mRNA in cellular RNA samples by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (14,15). Competitive quantitative PCR and RT-PCR were performed and analyzed as described previously (15).…”

Section: Clonal Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Suppression of In Vitro-Integrated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Does Not Correlate with Proviral DNA Methylation

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et al. 2003

J Virol

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“…After RNA extraction (with Trizol protocol), RNA samples were submitted to a RT competitive PCR procedure as previously published. 41,42 Briefly a competitor HCV RNA was constructed using the recombinant PCR methodology and produced by in vitro transcription. 42 In different reactions, 1 µg of RNA sample was reverse-transcribed and coamplified with increasing amounts of competitor RNA molecules.…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis Of Hcv Rna In Culture Supernatants Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permissiveness of Human Biliary Epithelial Cells to Infection by Hepatitis C Virus

et al. 1999

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major etiologic agent of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. 1-4 HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae, and its genome is a positive, single-strand RNA molecule, with a length averaging 9.4 kb, that encodes a 3,000-amino acid polyprotein. This polyprotein is then cleaved into structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include the core protein, followed by two envelope (E1, E2) and p7 proteins. The various HCV isolates show significant sequence divergence, especially in the E2 envelope protein, the N-terminal part of which shows one or two hypervariable regions (HVR), according to the HCV type (reviewed in Bréchot 5 and Major 6 ). The high rate of mutations in the HCV genome also accounts for the circulation of a complex population of HCV-RNA molecules, referred to as quasispecies. 5,7,8 The major feature of HCV infection is the extremely high risk (60% to 80%) of developing a chronic carrier state following acute infection. The mechanisms involved are still poorly known, but it is striking that chronic infection occurs despite a strong humoral and cellular immune response to various viral proteins. In this context, the actual pattern and impact of neutralizing anti-HCV antibodies during the natural course of HCV infection or during antiviral therapy remain subject to debate. [9][10][11] The cellular tropism of HCV is another much-debated topic that may have major implications for the understanding of viral pathogenesis. There is compelling evidence for the hepatotropism of HCV, and adult as well as fetal human and chimpanzee hepatocytes can be infected by HCV. [12][13][14] Several results also point to in vivo infection by HCV of mononuclear blood cells, but this is still an unsettled issue. [15][16][17][18][19] In addition, it has been demonstrated that human T-and B-lymphocyte cell lines and nonhuman cell lines can hold out long-term HCV replication. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Despite these numerous studies, there is presently no information on the potential permissivity to HCV of nonhepatocytic liver cells and in particular, biliary epithelial cells. However, certain HCV infection characteristics point to this possibility: bile duct damage is one of the histological hallmarks of HCV infection. 26 Furthermore, an increase in the blood level of ␥-glutamyl transpeptidase, which reflects in part bile duct lesions, has been shown in some studies to correlate with a poor response to interferon alfa treatment. 27 Finally, two recent reports using anti-HCV antibodies and in situ hybridization on liver sections from HCV-infected patients have revealed the presence of HCV genomes in intrahepatic biliary cells. 28,29 Various model systems for studying biliary epithelial function have been developed in the past few years. Gallbladder epithelial cells (GBEC) have been proposed as a model of the more proximal biliary epithelium. [30][31][32] This view is supported Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HVR1, hypervariable region 1; GBEC, gallbladder biliary epithelia...

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Dynamics of HIV-1 mRNA expression in patients with long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection.

Cited by 36 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects.

Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects.

Transcriptional Suppression of In Vitro-Integrated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Does Not Correlate with Proviral DNA Methylation

Permissiveness of Human Biliary Epithelial Cells to Infection by Hepatitis C Virus

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