Dynamics of predominant microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract and change in luminal enzymes and immunoglobulin profile during high-altitude adaptation

Adak, Atanu; Maity, Chiranjit; Ghosh, Kuntal; Pati, Biswamoy; Mondal, Keshab Chandra

doi:10.1007/s12223-013-0241-y

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hyperbaric pressure, which is a typical characteristic of high altitude, has been proved as an important factor that strongly modulates the composition of gut microflora in mammals (Adak, Maity, Ghosh, Pati, & Mondal, ; Li, Li, et al. ; Maity et al., , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in intestinal microbiota across an altitudinal gradient in the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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High altitude is an important driving force in animal evolution. However, the effect of altitude on gut microbial communities in reptiles has not been examined in detail. Here, we investigated the intestinal microbiota of three populations of the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii living at different altitudes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla. Bacteroides, Odoribacter, and Parabacteroides were the most abundant genera. Significant differences in the intestinal microbiota composition were found among the three populations from different altitudes. The proportions of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia decreased, whereas Bacteroides increased significantly with altitude. Greater abundance of Bacteroides at higher altitude led to the fractional increase in the phylum Bacteroides relative to other phyla. Hypoxia may be the main factor that caused intestinal microbiota variation in P. vlangalii along the altitude gradient. Overall, our study suggested that the community composition and structure of intestinal microbiota of the lizard P. vlangalii varied along altitudes, and such differences likely play a certain role in highland adaptation. Our findings warrant a further study that would determine whether ambient and body temperatures play a key role in the modulation of intestinal microbiota in reptiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in intestinal microbiota across an altitudinal gradient in the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Therefore, the initiation mechanism for altitude sickness is being investigated (16–18). In this context, a stable and effective animal model of high-altitude intestinal barrier injury is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and evaluation of an experimental rat model for high-altitude intestinal barrier injury

Luo

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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In the present study an experimental high-altitude intestinal barrier injury rat model was established by simulating an acute hypoxia environment, to provide an experimental basis to assess the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of altitude sickness. A total of 70 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: Control group (group C) and a high-altitude hypoxia group (group H). Following 2 days adaptation, the rats in group H were exposed to a simulated 4,000-m, high-altitude hypoxia environment for 3 days to establish the experimental model. To evaluate the model, bacterial translocation, serum lipopolysaccharide level, pathomorphology, ultrastructure and protein expression in rats were assessed. The results indicate that, compared with group C, the rate of bacterial translocation and the apoptotic index of intestinal epithelial cells were significantly higher in group H (P<0.01). Using a light microscope it was determined that the intestinal mucosa was thinner in group H, there were fewer epithelial cells present and the morphology was irregular. Observations with an electron microscope indicated that the intestinal epithelial cells in group H were injured, the spaces among intestinal villi were wider, the tight junctions among cells were open and lanthanum nitrate granules (from the fixing solution) had diffused into the intestinal mesenchyme. The expression of the tight junction protein occludin was also decreased in group H. Therefore, the methods applied in the present study enabled the establishment of a stable, high-altitude intestinal barrier injury model in rats.

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“…Additionally, the fall in the atmospheric pressure and the hypoxemia induce microvascular dysfunction, with alteration of the cellular energetic pathways [9]. The mitochondrial function is affected and tissue dysoxia is produced (it diminishes the capacity for utilizing oxygen).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) was raised significantly, an aspect that was considered secondary to the stimulation of the local immune system by bacterial overgrowth [7,8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders Related to High Altitude: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

Daza¹,

Plata²,

Rojas³

et al. 2017

J Hepatol Gastroint Dis

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Upon ascending above 2,500 meters above sea level, the human body undergoes a series of physiological changes, which have been studied during recent years. These changes affect various systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, with diverse clinical manifestations, most mild and therefore little reported and underdiagnosed. We present two pediatric patients who attended the Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Unit (Gastronutriped) in Bogota, for whom we documented symptoms associated with high altitude that affected the gastrointestinal tract. With respect to these cases, a review of the available literature focusing on the physiology, clinical manifestations, and feasible treatment was carried out. The ultimate aim of this article is to alert health care professionals working in cities located at high altitudes to the possibility of considering this entity as a differential diagnosis in children from places with a lower altitude.

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Dynamics of predominant microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract and change in luminal enzymes and immunoglobulin profile during high-altitude adaptation

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in intestinal microbiota across an altitudinal gradient in the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Changes in intestinal microbiota across an altitudinal gradient in the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Establishment and evaluation of an experimental rat model for high-altitude intestinal barrier injury

Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders Related to High Altitude: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

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