Dynamics of Reproduction and Growth

Smith, Paul F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-652050-7.50008-1

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…We are left with the question: what is the function of the enzyme system and is this function different in various artificial media? Arginine-utilizing mycoplasmata, particularly M. arthritidis, are known to possess oxidative pathways and the Krebs cycle (18,24,29,37). Thus, the organism has a variety of energyyielding pathways, and it would appear that the organisms in the present study, particularly those not requiring arginine, must produce energy from other sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…One might expect that a culture grown to much higher cell density might well be anaerobic. In such a case, arginine utilization with energy production might well occur particularly because adenosine diphosphate would accumulate, which would favor the removal of carbamyl phosphate and favor the total reaction in the direction of ornithine and energy production (37). An alternate explanation may lie in the fact that in M. hominis arginine is an apparent requirement for active transport of amino acids (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathway by which arginine is utilized is the arginine dihydrolase pathway (12,26,30,35), and it has been shown in Streptococcus faecalis that this pathway can generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source for growth (5).Since the Mycoplasmatales have limited genetic information (10, 24), it has been hypothesized that this pathway may be a major energy source for the arginine-utilizing species because of the large amounts of pathway enzymes present in some strains of organisms grown in artificial media (31). However, alternate energy-yielding pathways have been demonstrated for arginine-utilizing Mycoplasma species (24,37).The purpose of the present study was to determine whether arginine was an indispensable nutrient for initiation of growth of mycoplasmata from small populations. Additionally, since the arginine-utilizing, nonglycolytic Mycoplasma species show common antigenic components (15, 41) in contrast to the serological heterogeneity of the glycolytic species (13), we sought to determine whether arginine deiminases from various Mycoplasma species were homogeneous serologically.MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Since the Mycoplasmatales have limited genetic information (10, 24), it has been hypothesized that this pathway may be a major energy source for the arginine-utilizing species because of the large amounts of pathway enzymes present in some strains of organisms grown in artificial media (31). However, alternate energy-yielding pathways have been demonstrated for arginine-utilizing Mycoplasma species (24,37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Arginine Requirement for Growth Among Arginine-Utilizing Mycoplasma Species

Hahn

Kenny

1974

J Bacteriol

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The essentiality of arginine for initiation of growth of arginine-utilizing, nonglycolytic Mycoplasma species from small populations was studied by growing the organisms in a semisynthetic medium proven to be free from arginine by chemical and biological assays. Initiation of growth of two strains of M. arginini did not require arginine, whereas another strain of M. arginini required 4 mM arginine, as did M. gallinarum. M. hominis grew in 0.4 mM arginine. A species which utilizes both arginine and glucose, M. fermentans, did not require arginine but did require glucose for growth. When mycoplasmata were grown in human heteroploid cell cultures employing medium free from arginine but supplemented with citrulline, similar results were obtained: two M. arginini strains grew in the absence of arginine, whereas growth of M. gallinarum and M. hominis and a third M. arginini strain was dependent on arginine even though mammalian cells were present. The arginine deiminases were heterogeneous serologically: antisera to M. hominis and M. arginini showed reciprocal inhibition of their enzymes but did not inhibit arginine deiminase from M. gallinarum. Antiserum to M. gallinarum inhibited only M. gallinarum enzyme.The organisms classified in the Mycoplasmatales can be divided into two broad groupsthose which ferment glucose and those which do not (24,36). Generally, the species which do not ferment glucose hydrolyze arginine or urea (1,4,30), although certain species utilize both glucose and arginine (1). The pathway by which arginine is utilized is the arginine dihydrolase pathway (12,26,30,35), and it has been shown in Streptococcus faecalis that this pathway can generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source for growth (5).Since the Mycoplasmatales have limited genetic information (10, 24), it has been hypothesized that this pathway may be a major energy source for the arginine-utilizing species because of the large amounts of pathway enzymes present in some strains of organisms grown in artificial media (31). However, alternate energy-yielding pathways have been demonstrated for arginine-utilizing Mycoplasma species (24,37).The purpose of the present study was to determine whether arginine was an indispensable nutrient for initiation of growth of mycoplasmata from small populations. Additionally, since the arginine-utilizing, nonglycolytic Mycoplasma species show common antigenic components (15, 41) in contrast to the serological heterogeneity of the glycolytic species (13), we sought to determine whether arginine deiminases from various Mycoplasma species were homogeneous serologically.MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganisms. M. arginini strain G230 (3) was obtained from M. F. Barile, M. arginini (previously M. leonis; 11, 42) was obtained from W. R. Dowdle, and M. fermentans PG 18, was obtained from R. M. Chanock. M. gallinarum ATCC 15319, M. hominis ATCC 14027, and M. arginini (strain 67-166, ATCC 23243) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection through the courtesy of R. G. Wittler. Strain 67...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Arginine Requirement for Growth Among Arginine-Utilizing Mycoplasma Species

Hahn

Kenny

1974

J Bacteriol

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“…For example, M. arthritidis was shown to catabolize arginine, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, leucine, and threonine under aerobic conditions and tyrosine and tryptophan under anaerobic conditions (226). Fisher et al has compiled a list of amino acid requirements of organisms known to grow on a defined or semidefined media (63).…”

Section: Mollicute Species Including M Mycoides M Gallisepticum Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of mycoplasma promoters

Knudtson

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INFORMATION TO USERSThis manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.

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Control of membrane lipids in Mycoplasma gallisepticum: effect on lipid order

Cardinal¹,

Giocondi²,

Carrière³

1981

J Bacteriol

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Adaptation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, a sterol-requiring Mycoplasma sp., to growth in a serum-free medium supplemented with cholesterol in decreasing concentrations and with various saturated or unsaturated fatty acids enabled us to control both the cholesterol levels and the membrane fatty acid composition. An estimate of the membrane physical state from fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene indicated that the membrane lipids of native M. gallisepticum were highly ordered. Elongation of the saturated fatty acid chains from 14 to 18 carbon atoms caused only a small increase in the membrane lipid ordering, whereas the introduction of a cis double bond reduced it significantly. Lipid-phase transitions were observed in low-cholesterol-adapted organisms, whose membrane lipids were still highly ordered at the growth temperature.

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Dynamics of Reproduction and Growth

Cited by 6 publications

References 147 publications

Differences in Arginine Requirement for Growth Among Arginine-Utilizing Mycoplasma Species

Differences in Arginine Requirement for Growth Among Arginine-Utilizing Mycoplasma Species

Identification and characterization of mycoplasma promoters

Control of membrane lipids in Mycoplasma gallisepticum: effect on lipid order

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