Dynamics of reverse saturable absorption and all-optical switching in C_60

Li, Chunfei; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Ruibo; Song, Yinling; Wang, Yuxiao

doi:10.1364/josab.11.001356

Cited by 116 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The ratio of the excited-to groundstate absorption cross section for C 60 was calculated as k » 5.2 ± 0.6. This is acceptable, given that the S 1 to T 1 transition is on the order of 1.2 ns, [41] and thus the static-case model applied here does not approach the dynamic solution for this compound. The pumped excited states accessed here probably have both excited singlet-and triplet-state contributions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, Shirk et al [12] argue that the r ex /r 0 ratio does not characterize the strength of the nonlinear absorption, and suggest that the cross section difference (r ex ± r 0 ) is a more useful indicator of limiting action. Henari et al [15] quote the r ex /r 0 ratio as 2.9 for C 60 under 0.5 ns irradiation at 520 nm, while Li et al, [41] using values measured by Ebbesen et al, [42] estimate r T /r 0 to be~3.2 and r S /r 0 to bẽ 5.7 (r T and r S are the excited triplet and singlet state absorption cross sections, respectively). In phthalocyanines the largest r ex /r 0 ratio reported was 33 by Shirk et al [12] for tBu 4 -PcInCl under 532 nm irradiation (uncertainty not estimated).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Engineering of Peripherally And Axially Modified Phthalocyanines for Optical Limiting and Nonlinear Optics

O’Flaherty¹,

Hold²,

Cook³

et al. 2003

Advanced Materials

328

194

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Phthalocyanines have remarkable chemical and thermal stability and offer tremendous architectural flexibility in their structure, facilitating the tailoring of physical, optoelectronic, and chemical parameters. In this paper, we summarize experimental measurements of nonlinear optical absorption in a comprehensive representative series of modified phthalocyanines substituted with various central metals and peripheral functional groups. Rate equations are used to analytically solve the static‐state conditions that simulate the excited‐state dynamics that result from the nonlinear excited‐state absorption, and this solution is fitted to the experimental data. General molecular engineering trends relating the optical limiting performance of these compounds to their structural characteristics are also explored and discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering of Peripherally And Axially Modified Phthalocyanines for Optical Limiting and Nonlinear Optics

O’Flaherty¹,

Hold²,

Cook³

et al. 2003

Advanced Materials

328

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For thick samples, this would imply integration of appropriate differential equations. [11] However, to capture the essential ingredients of the phenomenon, one can use the expression for thin films with an effective value for the sample thickness. For fluence values F o exceeding F S we get Equation (2) where N o is the…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6, 9±14] C 60 , in fact, exhibits a broad absorption spectrum, characterized by strong absorptions in the UV region and weaker absorptions extending over most of the visible region [15] where the first singlet excited state and the lowest energy triplet state show cross-sections larger than that of the ground state. [16] Since the efficient intersystem crossing from the singlet to the lowest triplet state (f ST b 0.9) occurs in about 1 ns, [15] the RSA observed on the picosecond time-scale is related to the singlet exited state, [11,14] whereas that observed on the nanosecond time-scale relates to the lowest triplet state. [6,14] At large input fluences (above some J cm…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Optical-Limiting Behavior of Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Materials from the Sol-Gel Processing of Organofullerenes

Maggini¹,

Faveri²,

Scorrano³

et al. 1999

Chem. Eur. J.

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The optical-limiting properties of a series of novel [60]fullerene derivatives have been investigated in toluene solutions and in sol ± gel glasses. Working at different wavelengths, it is found that the efficiency of the new compounds compares well with that of pristine C 60 . In particular, better performance of the organofullerenes is obtained when the pumping wavelength approaches the triplet ± triplet absorption maximum of the derivatives at % 700 nm. The main component in the optical-limiting behavior is, in fact, ascribed to a reverse saturable absorption mechanism. A relevant feature in the structure of the new organofullerenes is that a silicon-alkoxide moiety is covalently attached to C 60 . This guarantees the grafting of the fullerene spheroid to the silicon matrix during the sol ± gel process. Some of the derivatives show remarkable solubility in THF, a solvent widely used in sol ± gel processing, in which C 60 is itself insoluble.

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“…We assume that all C 60 molecules reside in S 0 in thermodynamic equilibrium. After pumped by a 532 nm laser pulse, some of the solute molecules are promoted via one-photon absorption to |m)S 1 , from which they relax to |0)S 1 within a few ps [13], and then undergo the following three relaxation processes. Firstly, they decay to S 0 via radiative relaxation (RR) and internal conversion (IC) with a composite rate of…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%