Synthesis and Optical-Limiting Behavior of Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Materials from the Sol-Gel Processing of Organofullerenes

Abstract

The optical-limiting properties of a series of novel [60]fullerene derivatives have been investigated in toluene solutions and in sol ± gel glasses. Working at different wavelengths, it is found that the efficiency of the new compounds compares well with that of pristine C 60 . In particular, better performance of the organofullerenes is obtained when the pumping wavelength approaches the triplet ± triplet absorption maximum of the derivatives at % 700 nm. The main component in the optical-limiting behavior is, in fact, ascribed to a reverse saturable absorption mechanism. A relevant feature in the structure of the new organofullerenes is that a silicon-alkoxide moiety is covalently attached to C 60 . This guarantees the grafting of the fullerene spheroid to the silicon matrix during the sol ± gel process. Some of the derivatives show remarkable solubility in THF, a solvent widely used in sol ± gel processing, in which C 60 is itself insoluble.

Organometallic Ferrocene- and Phosphorus-Containing Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization

“…The possibility to develop materials possessing the unique properties of C 60 motivated these studies. In particular C 60 has been incorporated into different kinds of organic or inorganic materials, such as polymers [138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147] dendrimers [148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158] sol-gel matrices [159][160][161][162] and nanospheres [163][164][165][166][167]. C 60 has been synthesized by many researchers and various characteristics have been studies.…”

Organofullerene Materials

“…In principle, silicon-functionalized derivatives can be homogeneously dispersed into the final glass through covalent bonding to the oxide matrix, thus preventing aggregation of the fullerene spheroids [267][268][269][270].…”

Synthesis of Photoresponsive Dual NIR Two-Photon Absorptive [60]Fullerene Triads and Tetrads

“…The goal requires the design of sophisticated, hydrophilic and biocompatible multifunctional NLO materials for two-photon absorption (2PA) based photodynamic therapy (2 γ -PDT) [3,4,5,6,7] against pathogens and cancer to minimize the damage to surrounding normal tissue. Photoresponsive complex fullerene derivatives [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] and a number of organic chromophores [16,17,18,19] have been found to exhibit enhanced nonlinear photonic behavior. The control of photodynamic effect is precise due to the fact that 2 γ -PDT can only be practiced at the focal area of the laser beam that prevents side-effects arising from the undesirable photokilling of normal cells.…”