Dynamics of <sup>15</sup>N in two soil–plant systems following incorporation of 10% bloom and full bloom field pea

Jans-Hammermeister, D. C.; McGill, W. B.; Jensen, Thomas L

doi:10.4141/cjss94-013

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The more rapid decline in green pea residue N than of mature pea residue N is in agreement with Bremer and van Kessel (1992) and Jans-Hammermeister et al (1994). They also found that the younger the lentil or pea material the higher was the release of N during the first year of decomposition.…”

Section: Decline In Residue-derived Organic Nsupporting

confidence: 75%

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Jensen

1996

Plant Soil

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Field experiments were carried out on a temperate soil to determine the decline rate, the stabilization in soil organic matter and the plant uptake of N from 15N-labelled crop residues. The fate of N from field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residues was followed in unplanted and planted plots and related to their chemical composition. In the top 10 cm of unplanted plots, inorganic N was immobilized after barley residue incorporation, whereas the inorganic N pool was increased during the initial 30 days after incorporation (DAI) of pea residues. Initial net mineralization of N was highly correlated to the concentrations of soluble C and N and the lignin:N ratio of residues. The contribution of residue-derived N to the inorganic N pool was at its maximum 30 DAI (10-55%) and declined to on average 5% after 3 years of decomposition.Residual organic labelled N in the top 10 cm soil declined rapidly during the initial 86 DAI for all residue types. Leaching of soluble organic materials may have contributed to this decline. At 216 DAI 72, 59 and 45% of the barley, mature pea and green pea residue N, respectively, were present in organic N-forms in the topsoil. During the 1-3 year period, residual organic labelled N from different residues declined at similar rates, mean decay constant: 0.18 yr -I . After 3 years, 45% of the barley and on average 32% of the pea residue N were present as soil organic N. The proportion of residue N remaining in the soil after 3 years of decomposition was most strongly correlated with the total and soluble N concentrations in the residue. The ratio (% inorganic N derived from residues):(% organic N derived from residues) was used as a measure of the rate residue N stabilization. From initial values of 3-7 the ratios declined to on average 1.9 and 1.6 after 2 and 3 yrs, respectively, indicating that a major part of the residue N was stabilized after 2 years of decomposition. Even though the largest proportion of residue N stabilized after 3 years was found for barley, the largest amount of residue N stabilized was found with incorporation of pea residues, since much more N was incorporated with these residues.In planted plots and after one year of decomposition, 7% of the pea and 5% of the barley residue N were recovered in perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.) shoots. After 2 years the cumulative recovery of residue N in ryegrass shoots and roots was 14% for pea and 15% for barley residue N. The total uptake of non-labelled soil N after 2 years of growth was similar in the two residue treatments, but the amount of soil N taken up in each growth period varied between the treatments, apparently because the soil N immobilized during initial decomposition of residues was remineralized later in the barley than in the pea residue treatment. Balances were established for the amounts of barley and mature pea residue N remaining in the 0-10 cm soil layer and taken up in ryegrass after 2 years of decomposition. About 24% of the barley and 35% of the pea residue N were u...

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Section: Decline In Residue-derived Organic Nsupporting

confidence: 75%

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Jensen

1996

Plant Soil

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“…However, lsN experiments indicate that about 20% of the N of legume green manure is taken up by the first succeeding crop, but residual benefits from green manuring were also available for subsequent crops (Ladd et al 1983;Ladd and Amato 1986;Ianzen et al 1990). Thus, green-manue N becomes available gradually to the succeeding crop, in contrast to the availability of commercial fertilizer N (Groffman et al 1987;Jans-Hammermeister et al 1994b …”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen benefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems

Biederbeck¹,

Bouman²,

Campbell³

et al. 1996

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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' ql{ winkleman, G' E' 1996' Nitrogen bclefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems. can. i. punt Partial replacement of fallow with legume green manures has the p"ll"ti""i to improve i.ia ptJu"tt-"r.14 agricultural sustainability in the northern Great Plains' This is possible if N gains by annual legumes and enhan.eirrrent of soil N aiailability are optimized. The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the N distributionln different vegetative components of four annual legumes; (ii) estimate their ability to accumulate N through fixation; and (iii) compare the N uptate of ihe cereal crop that follows tegume green manure with that of cereal grown on fallow or of cereal ieceiving N fertilizer. Blac k lentii-(Lens culinaris Medik.), Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus L'), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L)l and feedpea (Pisum satiwm L.) were grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Nitrogen concentration in iegume nodulei was several times greater than in any other plant part' However, N concentration in legume shoots was, on average, 27o/o greiter than in legume rJots. Total legume N content (% x mass) ranged from 4l to 126 kg hrl in years of low weedinJss. fn tt ose yeari, Uetow-"grounA Galculations and Statistical AnalysesSoil bulk densities determined at the same experimental site in a previous study (Dyck et al. 1977) were used together with depth increments to convert nutrient concentrations to nutrienfcontents. Plant and grain N yields were calculated as the product of nutrient concentrations and crop yields' The difference in plant N uptake between each legume at firll bloom and the N taken up by spring wheat from the continuous-wheat control treaunent when sampled the same day as the legumes was used to estimate total N fxed by the green--atture crop. For the wheat refefence crop, it was issumed, on the baiis of earlier experiments at the same site, that the below-ground N uptake was 20Yo of the total plant uptake and that the recovery of fertilizerN was 50% of the amonnt applied Campbell and Paul 1978 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE

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“…Notably, in this research, the authors measured naturalabundance 15 N in their samples. Up until this point, most isotope ratio studies at the University of Alberta used artificial 15 N enrichment to trace soil N. Another illustrative example of McGill's use of 15 N in soil research is the work conducted by his Ph.D. student D.C. Jans-Hammermeister studying soil-plant dynamics in barley crops by green manuring with field pea (Jans-Hammermeister et al 1994).…”

Section: Stable Isotope Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope applications to soil science at the University of Alberta — an historical perspective

Feland

Quideau

2020

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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For the past 70 yr, researchers in the Soil Science/Renewable Resources Department at the University of Alberta have used isotopes to study topics of ecological importance. This review highlights the soil isotope research conducted within our department over this time, including an historical overview of studies of interest. Analytical techniques and advances in instrumentation are discussed, focusing on the measurement of light stable isotope ratios (i.e., for C, H, N, S, and O) using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Early soil isotope work (1950–2000s) focused on agricultural soils and soil fertility issues. These studies included the use of radioactive isotopes such as 14C and 35S, and (or) artificially enriched stable isotopes including 15N-labelled fertilizers. More recently (2000–present), the scope of research widened to include natural-abundance stable isotope ratio studies as higher-sensitivity IRMS systems became more prevalent. Current isotope research topics include N biogeochemistry in natural and managed ecosystems, land management effects on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon cycling in northern landscapes, paleo-reconstruction in peatlands, carbon sequestration in boreal forests, and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Further technological progress also enabled new techniques such as compound-specific IRMS analysis, including δ13C and δ2H measurements of soil n-alkanes and phospholipid fatty acids. In conclusion, current IRMS instrumentation presents unparalleled opportunities for multidisciplinary research to track carbon, plant nutrients, and pollutants as they move through soils.

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Dynamics of ¹⁵N in two soil–plant systems following incorporation of 10% bloom and full bloom field pea

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Nitrogen benefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems

Isotope applications to soil science at the University of Alberta — an historical perspective

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Dynamics of 15N in two soil–plant systems following incorporation of 10% bloom and full bloom field pea

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Nitrogen benefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems

Isotope applications to soil science at the University of Alberta — an historical perspective

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Dynamics of ¹⁵N in two soil–plant systems following incorporation of 10% bloom and full bloom field pea