Dynamics of teat-end vacuum during machine milking: types, causes and impacts on teat condition and udder health – a literature review

Besier, Johanna Franziska; Lind, Ole Christian; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.

doi:10.1080/09712119.2015.1031780

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In any case, Mein et al (2004) reported that regular vacuum fluctuations could not be responsible for worse udder health values if there were not also pulsation failures, liner slips, or intense machine stripping. More- Besier et al (2016) stated that even irregular or cyclic vacuum fluctuations per se seem not to have any negative affect; rather, the combination of several parameters, such as the simultaneous existence of irregular and regular vacuum fluctuations at high vacuum levels and long machine-on times or overmilking, are responsible for the occurrence of udder infection, edema, or hyperkeratosis. According to Mein et al (2004), the effect of machine milking could only be responsible for 6 to 20% of the prevalence of mastitis in a dairy farm.…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of vacuum fluctuations has been discussed in many research works, as reported by Besier et al (2016). Certain means of transmission of pathogen agents between animals, such as reverse flow, impacts, or reverse pressure gradients, are related to the changes in vacuum level in the short milk tubes during milking (Rasmussen et al, 1994;Billon et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the pulsation type (alternate or simultaneous) on milk yield and health status of the mammary gland of Murciano-Granadina goats

Bueso-Ródenas

Romero

Navarro

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Recent research into how the pulsation type affects goat milking concluded that alternate pulsation (AP) and simultaneous pulsation (SP) similarly affect the milking efficiency (milking duration and milking fractioning) and teat end condition after milking when both pulsations are employed in short-term experiments. However, the use of SP in high pipeline milking machines led to higher vacuum fluctuations, which, in the long term, may entail a potential risk factor for the mammary gland health status. The aim of this work was to study how AP and SP affect the milk yield, mammary gland health status, and milk composition of goats in the long term, during a complete lactation period, in a high pipeline milking machine. With this objective, 100 Murciano-Granadina goats with similar parturition dates (4 ± 1 postpartum weeks) were divided into 2 similar groups (50 goats per group) according their parity, milk yield, mammary gland health status, and milking duration (after a 15-d pre-experimental period). Throughout the experimental period (7 mo), one group was milked using SP and the other group using AP. Every month, samplings were carried out of the variables related to sanitary status of the mammary gland, milk fractioning, milking duration, average and maximum milk flows, milk composition, teat end status, vacuum fluctuations at the short milk tube during milking, and pulsation tests. Results showed that the use of SP in a high pipeline milking machine showed higher vacuum fluctuations without involving any difference in the other variables studied. We concluded that the use of AP in the milking of Murciano-Granadina goats offers little improvement of the milking performance and increases the investment required for installation and maintenance of the milking machines.

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Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the pulsation type (alternate or simultaneous) on milk yield and health status of the mammary gland of Murciano-Granadina goats

Bueso-Ródenas

Romero

Navarro

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Pulsating motion and significant fluctuations in pressure occur, which reduces the efficiency of the transporting link [6,13]. In addition, fluctuation of pressure negatively affects the health of cows [5,9].…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was established [7,8] that systematic fluctuations in pressure cause the loss of cow productivity by 9.2 %. Insufficient level of vacuum pressure leads to a decrease in milk production by 14 %; there is the effect of «ballooning» nipple rubber, which causes coming down of the milking cups [8][9][10]. At a high vacuum, there is the increased danger for cows of the disease of mastitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing rational structural-technological parameters of the milking machine collector

Golub¹,

Medvedskyi²,

Achkevych³

et al. 2018

EEJET

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“…; Mein & Reinemann ; Besier & Bruckmaier ; Besier et al . ) may be carried out through observations; through dry testing, in which the milking machine is activated and the machine is checked without actually performing milking; and through dynamic testing carried out during milking. Observations means that the machine is examined by eye to look for any abnormalities, so the results depend upon the skill of the person carrying out the examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator

Enokidani

Kawai

Shinozuka

et al. 2016

Animal Science Journal

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Milking performance of milking machines that matches the production capability of dairy cows is important in reducing the risk of mastitis, particularly in high-producing cows. This study used a simulated milking device to examine the milking performance of the milking system of 73 dairy farms and to analyze the factors affecting claw vacuum. Mean claw vacuum and range of fluctuation of claw vacuum (claw vacuum range) were measured at three different flow rates: 5.7, 7.6 and 8.7 kg/min. At the highest flow rate, only 16 farms (21.9%) met both standards of mean claw vacuum ≥35 kPa and claw vacuum range ≤ 7 kPa, showing that milking systems currently have poor milking performance. The factors affecting mean claw vacuum were claw type, milk-meter and vacuum shut-off device; the factor affecting claw vacuum range was claw type. Examination of the milking performance of the milking system using a simulated milking device allows an examination of the performance that can cope with high producing cows, indicating the possibility of reducing the risk of mastitis caused by inappropriate claw vacuum.

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Dynamics of teat-end vacuum during machine milking: types, causes and impacts on teat condition and udder health – a literature review

Cited by 51 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of the pulsation type (alternate or simultaneous) on milk yield and health status of the mammary gland of Murciano-Granadina goats

Effect of the pulsation type (alternate or simultaneous) on milk yield and health status of the mammary gland of Murciano-Granadina goats

Establishing rational structural-technological parameters of the milking machine collector

Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator

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