“…• Labor union cooperation: It is noted that mining 4.0 will decrease traditional labor requirements, generating unemployment in several economic sectors in the world including the mining industry (Chukwuere, 2024;Alper et al, 2023;Castillo-Vergara, 2023;Kuzior, 2022;Koropet &Tukhtarov, 2021;Szabó-Szentgróti et al, 2021;Stojanova et al, 2019;Uğurlu & Pajo, 2019;Kurt, 2019;Görmüş, 2019;Flynn et al, 2017). In this way, it is necessary a transparent workforce management and close trade union cooperation (Lööw et al, 2019) because large contracts' potential strikes are also a risk factor 13 .…”