Dynamics of vanishing of maternally derived antibodies of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 suggests an optimal age for gilts vaccination

Abstract

The prevention of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (UPV1) infection and consequently the reproductive losses is based on vaccination of all pigs intended for breeding. As maternally derived antibodies (MDA) can interfere with the development of immunity following vaccination, it is important to know the duration of anti-UPV1 MDA to determine the optimal age for the best vaccination efficacy. To elucidate the association between dam and piglet antibody levels against UPV1 and to estimate the decrease rate of MDA, sera and colostrum of 127 gilts (before the first vaccination against UPV1; 15 days after the second vaccine dose; at farrowing; and during the second pregnancy) and sera of 276 piglets (prior to initial colostrum intake; at 7, 21, 57, 87, and 128 days-old) were tested by ELISA. Most gilts (85.8%) had anti-UPV1 antibodies before vaccination and after vaccination all were positive. At 7 days old, the majority of the piglets had anti-UPV1 antibodies, but around 57 days old, only 35.3% were positive and at 87 days old, all were negative. The estimated average half-life of MDA was 29.8 (28.8-30.9) days. A strong correlation was determined between piglet serum at 7 days old with gilt serum at farrowing time (r = 0.77, n = 248, P < 0.001) and with piglet serum at 7 days old with colostrum (r = 0.73, n = 248, P < 0.001). The MDA decreased earlier and the antibody half-life was a little longer than previously reported. Based on these findings, UPV1 vaccination can be performed earlier than usual.

Detection Patterns of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6) in Polish Swine Farms

“…The low prevalence of PPV1 in pigs can be explained by the common vaccination of sows against parvovirosis and the passive immunity of their progeny. However, persistence of maternally derived antibodies may vary significantly, from 9 to 22 weeks [40,41,42,43]. Moreover, Foerster et al [44] showed that PPV1 can be detected in body excretions, such as feces and nasal discharge, from vaccinated sows from the 9th day post PPV1 inoculation, for at least 49 days.…”

Effect of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) maternally derived antibodies on performance and PCV-2 viremia in vaccinated piglets under field conditions

“…The interference of the maternally transferred immunity (MDI) against any vaccine can be described as a blocking of the antigen by the circulating antibodies or by other components, presumably cell mediated, acquired through colostrum. This is well understood for other swine infectious diseases like Aujeszky Disease virus (ADV) [38], Classical Swine Fever virus [39], Influenza A virus (IAV) [40] or Swine Parvovirus [41]. For example, pigs with significant IAV-specific MDA titres can have suppressed adaptive antibody responses to homologous infection or vaccination [40, 42].…”

Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs

“…However, the depletion of the maternally acquired antibodies is a normal phenomenon that determines when vaccination of pigs can be carried out in order for it to be effective as vaccination at a high level of maternal antibodies brings about negative interference (Truyen and Streck, 2012). An appropriate timing has been recently determined to be after three months of age for a gilt to be inseminated prior to five or six months old (Gava et al, 2017).…”