Dynamics of water-isotope distribution

Tg, Coleman; Rd, Manning; Ra, Norman; Ac, Guyton

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.223.6.1371

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The methods, analytical determinations, and calculations have been previously described in detail (4). Lean body mass was determined with the tritiated water dilution technique (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin receptor isotype expression correlates with risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Mosthaf

Eriksson

Häring

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The methods, analytical determinations, and calculations have been previously described in detail (4). Lean body mass was determined with the tritiated water dilution technique (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin receptor isotype expression correlates with risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Mosthaf

Eriksson

Häring

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Methods for determination of plasma tritiated glucose and plasma tritiated water specific activities have been published previously (19,20). Plasma insulin (21), glucagon (22), and growth hormone (23) concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassays.…”

Section: Analytical Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis.

Petrides¹,

Groop²,

Riely³

et al. 1991

J. Clin. Invest.

140

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Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in eight clinically stable cirrhotic patients and in 12 controls. OGTT was normal in cirrhotics but plasma insulin response was increased approximately twofold compared with controls. Subjects received a three-step (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mU/kg -min) euglycemic insulin clamp with indirect calorimetry, 16-311J-glucose, and 11-"CJ-palmitate. During the two highest insulin infusion steps glucose uptake was impaired (333±031 vs. 5.06±0.40 mg/ kg. min, P < 0.01, and 6.09+0.50 vs. 7.95±0.52 mg/kg.m-, P < 0.01). Stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin was normal; in contrast, nonoxidative glucose disposal (i.e., glycogen synthesis) was markedly reduced. Fasting (r = -0.553, P < 0.01) and glucose-stimulated (r = -0.592, P < 0.01) plasma insulin concentration correlated inversely with the severity of insulin resistance. Basal hepatic glucose production was normal in cirrhotics and suppressed normally with insulin. In postabsorptive state, plasma FFA conc (933±42 vs. 711±44 Mmol/ liter, P < 0.01) and FFA turnover (9.08±1.20 vs. 6. 03±0.53 ,umol/kg min, P < 0.01) were elevated in cirrhotics despite basal hyperinsulinemia; basal FFA oxidation was similar in cirrhotic and control subjects. With low-dose insulin infusion, plasma FFA oxidation and turnover failed to suppress normally in cirrhotics. During the two higher insulin infusion steps, all parameters of FFA metabolism suppressed normally. In summary, stable cirrhotic patients with normal glucose tolerance exhibit marked insulin resistance secondary to the impaired nonoxidative glucose disposal. Our results suggest that chronic hyperinsulinism may be responsible for the insulin resistance observed in cirrhosis. (J. Clin. Invest. 1991. 88:561-570.)

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“…It has been shown that labeled water equilibrates in body tissues at a rate propor tional to blood flow [15]. Tracer water first mixes rapidly in the vascular space, followed by distribution in high-flow, low-volume tis sues (i.e., brain, kidneys) [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tracer water first mixes rapidly in the vascular space, followed by distribution in high-flow, low-volume tis sues (i.e., brain, kidneys) [15]. The isotope lastly equilibrates in low-flow, large-volume tissues (i.e., bone, fascia) [15]. In pregnancy, the amniotic fluid is analogous to tissues with relatively high volume and low vascular flow, as the amniotic fluid volumes range from 500 to 1,500 ml, with a turnover time of approximately 2.0 h and a turnover rate of approximately 500 ml/h [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Body Water Measurement in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy: Evidence for Maternal and Amniotic Fluid Equilibrium

Denne

Patel

Kalhan³

1990

Neonatology

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The H₂[¹⁸O] tracer dilution method was applied to quantify total body water in 6 normal nonpregnant women, 8 normal pregnant women (gestation 29.3 ± 6.0 weeks, range 21–37 weeks), and 8 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant subjects (gestation 29.4 ± 6.1 weeks, range 20–37 weeks). Plateau or equilibrium enrichment of ¹⁸O in the breath CO₂ was achieved at approximately 2h in nonpregnant normal subjects. In contrast, in pregnant subjects equilibrium plateau was reached later, at approximately 3 h. In order to examine whether the amniotic fluid/fetal compartment had also reached equilibrium with the maternal water compartment, amniotic fluid samples were obtained from 5 women undergoing elective cesarean section, approximately 5 h after the administration of tracer H₂[¹⁸O]. The ¹⁸O enrichment of amniotic fluid was similar to that of the mother. Total body water was similar in normal and diabetic pregnant subjects (40.4 ± 4.4 vs. 40.1 ± 5.8 kg) and represented 55.8 ± 5.4 and 58.7 ± 5.5% of body weight, respectively. These data demonstrate the usefulness of the H₂[¹⁸O] tracer method to measure total body water in pregnancy and emphasize the importance of an adequate equilibrium period 4–5 h in order to measure the dilution of administered tracer. The measurements by H₂[¹⁸O] tracer are similar to those previously reported with deuterium oxide. Insofar as total body water reflects lean body mass, the data suggest that body compositional changes in normal and diabetic pregnancy are qualitatively similar.

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Dynamics of water-isotope distribution

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Insulin receptor isotype expression correlates with risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Insulin receptor isotype expression correlates with risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis.

Total Body Water Measurement in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy: Evidence for Maternal and Amniotic Fluid Equilibrium

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