Dynamized ethyl alcohol improves immune response and behavior in murine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

Sandri, Patrícia Flora; Portocarrero, Angela Rigo; Ciupa, Larissa; Ferraz, Fabiana Nabarro; Falkowski-Temporini, Gislaine Janaina; Rodrigues, Willian N. S.; Ferreira, Érika Cristina; Aleixo, Denise Lessa; Araújo, Silvana Márques de

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.016

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…According to Sandri et al, potentized alcohol cannot be considered as an inert vehicle, but a specific homeopathic medicine, thus a comparative substance. 68 This is part of an adaptation process used by Artemia spp., called "diapause", to preserve the species when exposed to environmental stressful stimuli, in which there is arrest of embryo development at the gastrula stage, keeping a low metabolic level. These events are controlled by the expression of specific genes, mainly those related to the composition of the cyst wall, allowing the deposition of trehalose, a disaccharide that cannot be decomposed to glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sugar forms H bonds with proteins and phospholipids, forming a kind of bioglass, in a process called vitrification, allowing the maintenance of internal stability. 54,60,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73] Besides this first adaptative level of hatching reduction, another deeper level of hatching inhibition was revealed after the analysis of the whole population, independent of time and moon phase, with high statistical significance and large effect size against the controls, as observed after treatment with MC 30cH (►Fig. 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

et al. 2021

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Introduction Finding solutions to mitigate the impact of pollution on living systems is a matter of great interest. Homeopathic preparations of toxic substances have been described in the literature as attenuation factors for intoxication. Herein, an experimental study using Artemia salina and mercury chloride was developed as a model to identify aspects related to bioresilience. Aims The aim of the study was to describe the effects of homeopathic Mercurius corrosivus (MC) on Artemia salina cysts hatching and on mercury bioavailability. Methods Artemia salina cysts were exposed to 5.0 µg/mL of mercury chloride during the hatching phase. MC potencies (6cH, 30cH, and 200cH) were prepared in sterile purified water and poured into artificial sea water. Different controls were used (non-challenged cysts and challenged cysts treated with water, succussed water, and Ethilicum 1cH). Four series of nine experiments were performed to evaluate the percentage of cyst hatching. Soluble total mercury (THg) levels and precipitated mercury content were also evaluated. Solvatochromic dyes were used to check for eventual physicochemical markers of MC biological activity. Results Significant delay (p < 0.0001) in cyst hatching was observed only after treatment with MC 30cH, compared with controls. This result was associated with an increase of THg concentration in water (p = 0.0018) and of chlorine/oxygen ratio (p < 0.0001) in suspended micraggregates, suggesting changes in mercury bioavailability. A specific interaction of MC 30cH with the solvatochromic dye ET33 (p = 0.0017) was found. Conclusion Changes in hatching rate and possible changes in Hg bioavailability are postulated as protective effects of MC 30cH on Artemia salina, by improving its natural bioresilience processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

et al. 2021

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“…56 In addition, some authors reported specific effects of potentized alcohol in experimental models in vitro by comparison to other Homeopathy controls. 57,58 Therefore, potentized alcohol seems to be more of a comparator than a negative control. Non-potentized alcohol may be used instead, or together with succussed water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeopathy in Experimental Cancer Models: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background Complementary and alternative medicine, including homeopathy, is widely used to improve well-being among cancer patients and reduce adverse effects of conventional treatment. In contrast, there are few studies on the use of homeopathic medicines to treat the disease itself. Yet, evidence of possible effectiveness of homeopathic high dilutions in experimental cancer models has been published during the past 20 years. Aim The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review of fundamental research studies on homeopathic high dilutions in cancer. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, we conducted a literature search in the database PubMed for original publications, from 2000 to 2018 and in English, on in vitro and in vivo experimental cancer models testing homeopathic high dilutions. Results Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria—14 in vitro, eight in vivo, and one in vitro plus in vivo experimental models. Most studies were from India. Research prominently focused on cytotoxic effects involving apoptotic mechanisms. Intrinsic aspects of homeopathy should be considered in experimental designs to emphasize the specificity of such effects. Conclusion Fundamental research of homeopathy in cancer is still at an early stage and has mainly been performed by a few groups of investigators. The results point to an interference of well-selected homeopathic medicines with cell cycle and apoptotic mechanisms in cancer cells. However, these findings still need independent reproduction.

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“…First, even in the absence of drugs, ultra-dilutions are expected to show some medicinal activities (non-specific immunotherapy) because immunomodulatory microbial lysates are always formed during preparation of homeopathic dilutions and they should be available in the homeopathic medicines irrespective of the availability of the drugs. Indeed, it has been reported that homeopathically potentized ethanol (equivalently, blank dilutions without drugs, as ethanol is a component of the homeopathic drug-vehicle) can enhance immune response in murine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi [68].…”

Section: How Can Ultra-diluted Medicines Devoid Of Drugs Show Therape...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhering to mainstream concepts homeopathic therapy interpreted as a combination of non-specific and protein-based antigen-specific immunotherapy

Sen¹

2023

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The absence of drugs in ultra-diluted homeopathic medicines and unfavourable clinical trial results portray homeopathic remedies as placebos. Here, it is proposed that homeopathic therapy is a combination of non-specific and antigen-specific mucosal immunotherapy in crude form. The non-specific immunotherapy is mediated by immunomodulatory microbial lysates (disintegration products of microbial cells) present in homeopathic medicines, given that ubiquitous microorganisms from the surrounding environment are unknowingly and unavoidably incorporated into the homeopathic medicines during their preparation and are killed and lysed in alcohol-water vehicle under shaking (‘potentization’) forming microbial lysates whose major ingredients are proteins. As proteins readily interact with a variety of substances, drugs in the homeopathic medicines should bind to the proteins. The drug binding modulates the conformation and effectively, the immunogenicity of the proteins and the latter (designated as drug-modulated proteins) are the agents of antigen-specific immunotherapy. The hypothesis gets some support from the observations that homeopathic medicines elicit immunomodulatory response. Also, the hypothesis without invoking any disputed theory explains the basic tenets of homeopathy and associated controversies like the medicinal properties of ultra-dilutions, where protein-protein interactions via allostery and vibration synchronization bring about conformational modulation of protein molecules in the absence of drugs. As immunotherapy via homeopathic medicines is accidental and accordingly, in rudimentary form, homeopathic treatment (including medicines) cannot be optimal from the standpoint of immunotherapy. Hence, clinical trials in homeopathy may show inconsistent results. However, probing and refining homeopathy from the perspective of immunotherapy may bring forth a novel, simple and affordable immunotherapy.

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Dynamized ethyl alcohol improves immune response and behavior in murine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

Abstract: The results demonstrate the beneficial effect of Ethylicum 6cH in acute murine infection by T. cruzi.

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

Homeopathy in Experimental Cancer Models: A Systematic Review

Adhering to mainstream concepts homeopathic therapy interpreted as a combination of non-specific and protein-based antigen-specific immunotherapy

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