Dyselectrolytaemia in Stable and Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients- A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recently defined COPD as "A common preventable and treatable disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response of the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases." Though the COPD patients mostly present with the features of acute respiratory infections (productive cough, dyspnoea, etc.), there may be a number of metabolic derangements arising out of the disease process or as a consequence of the therapy instituted like dyselectrolytaemia.This study is aimed at comparing the levels of Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium in Stable COPD and COPD Exacerbation (AECOPD) Patients.

Assessment of trace elements, systemic inflammation, and electrolytes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Also, the use of diuretics, bronchodilators, or steroids, malnutrition and low intake during acute exacerbations could be implicated in the prevalence of hyponatremia in COPD patients. Hyponatremia can be caused by activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone pathway and abnormally increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) in COPD (Adiody et al) [9].…”

“…Hyponatremia is typically observed in the final stages of COPD. Hypokalemia may also occur independently or concomitantly with hyponatremia, and because magnesium plays a role in muscle tone, a drop in magnesium levels in COPD is a component that reduces respiratory muscle function and causes muscle fatigue [9].…”

Serum Electrolyte in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…It is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity and categorized in terms of clinical presentations or healthcare utilization. [5][6][7] Exacerbations may cause increased dyspnea, productive cough with altered sputum, and fever. The symptoms may be more nonspecific, such as malaise, fatigue, insomnia or sleepiness, depression and might be associated with impaired lung function, it is estimated that only 50% of all exacerbations are reported to physicians.…”

“…The symptoms may be more nonspecific, such as malaise, fatigue, insomnia or sleepiness, depression and might be associated with impaired lung function, it is estimated that only 50% of all exacerbations are reported to physicians. 5 Exacerbations are the most common cause of hospitalization among COPD patients. The economic and social burden created by acute execrations of COPD is extremely high.…”

“…Timely screening with earlier detection and intervention would be useful in controlling acute exacerbation of COPD patients. 5 In spite of such alarming outcomes, very less data are available there regarding the precipitating factors and predictors of prognosis in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD especially from the developing countries. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating serum electrolyte levels in acute exacerbation of COPD to assess the occurrence of dyselectrolytemia.…”