E-Cigarettes and the Use of Conventional Cigarettes

Morgenstern, Matthis; Nies, A. Haveman; Goecke, Michaela; Hanewinkel, Reiner

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0243

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the time that we published our earlier analysis [8] and our paper on general considerations relating to vaping as a possible gateway into cigarette smoking [7] a number of other authors have presented evidence from prospective studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The studies vary in the extent to which potential confounding variables have been adjusted for, with large OR estimates tending to be reported in studies with more limited control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from a US study [14] ,which reported an OR of 6.8 (1.7-28.3), following adjustment for ten covariates independently associated with initiation of smoking, most of the other studies which appear to have better control for confounding gave lower estimates. These included a study in Taiwan [10] which reported an OR of 2.14 (1.66-2.75), a study in Germany [12] which reported an OR of 2.18 (1.65-2.87) and a study in Finland [11] which reported that adjustment reduced the OR from 11.52 (4.91-26.56) to 2.92 (1.09-7.85). Notably, a study in Great Britain [16] reported an OR of 11.89 (3.56-39.72) estimated using the usual logistic method, but a reduced value of 1.34 (1.05-1.72) using causal mediation analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some aspects of the analyses described here are the same as those described earlier [8] and are not presented again here. The selection of demographic and other predictor variables is the same as before, except that in some analyses we use exact age (12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17) which could now be estimated from the age group (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) at the three Waves and the Wave when youths became adults (18+) for the first time. Use of the person-level weights provided in the PATH study database is as before, as is the process by which a sequence of logistic regression analyses is used to develop the shorter list of demographic variables to be used in forming the propensity scores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Further investigations of gateway effects using the PATH study

Lee¹,

Fry²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Considerable interest exists in whether e-cigarette use (“vaping”) by youths increases the risk of initiating cigarette smoking. Based on Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study we reported that adjustment for propensity for vaping using Wave 1 variables explained about 80% of the unadjusted relationship. This analysis may be over-adjusted had vaping at Wave 1 affected some variables recorded then. Here we present analyses using Waves 1 to 3 to avoid this possibility. Methods: Our main analysis M1 concerned those who had never smoked by Wave 2 and never vaped by Wave 1. Wave 2 vaping was linked to smoking initiation by Wave 3, adjusting for Wave 1 predictors. Sensitivity analyses excluded other tobacco product users at Wave 1, included other tobacco product use as an additional predictor, or were based on propensity for ever smoking or ever any tobacco use, rather than ever vaping. Other analyses adjusted for propensity as derived originally, or ignored Wave 1 data. Other analyses used grouped age (only available originally) or exact age (available now) as a confounder variable, attempted residual confounding adjustment by modifying values of predictor variables using data later recorded, or considered interactions with age. Results: In M1, propensity adjustment removed about 50% of the excess odds ratio (i.e. OR–1), the unadjusted OR, 5.60 (95% CI 4.52-6.93) becoming 3.37 (2.65-4.28), 3.11 (2.47-3.92) or 3.27 (2.57-4.16) depending whether adjustment was for propensity as a continuous variable, as quintiles, or for the 16 variables making up the propensity score. Many factors studied hardly affected the results, including using grouped or exact age, consideration of other tobacco products, including interactions, or using predictors of smoking or tobacco use rather than vaping. The clearest conclusion was that analyses avoiding over-adjustment only explained about 50% of the excess OR whereas analyses subject to over-adjustment explained about 80%. Conclusions: Although much of the unadjusted gateway effect results from uncontrolled confounding, our current analysis provides stronger evidence of a causal effect of vaping than did our earlier analysis. However, some doubts remain about the completeness of confounder adjustment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Further investigations of gateway effects using the PATH study

Lee¹,

Fry²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, there were studies underlining the influence of sensation seeking behaviour (defined as "the search for changing and novel experiences to feel intense sensations again and again") and e-cigarette use (Morgenstern et al, 2018;Nădăşan, Pénzes, & Urbán, 2017;Hanewinkel & Isensee, 2015).…”

Section: B Behavioural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescents In The European Area

Pintea¹

2019

The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the release of aerosols by heating a mixture solution which might contain nicotine or other substances at temperatures between 65 and 120°C in order to be inhaled. Over the past few years, e-cigarettes have been promoted by manufacturers as smoking cessation products, but evidence about their safety and efficacy for smoking cessation remains limited, while there are several concerns that they may increase the risk of non-smokers to develop nicotine dependence and of current smokers to maintain their dependence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of the research concerning prevalence of e-cigarettes and factors associated with the use of ecigarettes among European adolescents. The information is based on data available in specific literature such as articles published in journals or international reports. Data from different European countries showed that e-cigarettes are popular products among adolescents. For instance, a study performed in 2013 among Romanian high school students showed that almost 30% of them have experimented with ecigarettes at least once during lifetime. There are several variations concerning prevalence and factors that influence the use of e-cigarettes between countries as well as within the same country based on sociodemographics characteristics of the groups involved in the study, the year when the survey was performed, or the methodology and instruments for data collection. The results underline the need for future research in this field, as well as for educational and policy measures to face this new public health challenge.

show abstract

“…Bei einer Gesamtbewertung der Auswirkungen der E-Zigarette auf die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung darf zudem nicht außer Acht gelassen werden, dass E-Zigaretten einer Re-Normalisierung des Rauchens Vorschub leisten könnten und mehr als ein Dutzend Kohortenstudien, darunter auch eine Studie aus Deutschland [6], übereinstimmend zu dem Ergebnis kommen, dass E-Zigaretten Jugendliche zum Experimentieren mit Tabakzigaretten verführen können.…”

unclassified

Raucherentwöhnung: E-Zigarette besser als klassische Nikotinersatzpräparate?

2019

Pneumologie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

E-Cigarettes and the Use of Conventional Cigarettes

Cited by 61 publications

References 45 publications

Further investigations of gateway effects using the PATH study

Further investigations of gateway effects using the PATH study

Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescents In The European Area

Raucherentwöhnung: E-Zigarette besser als klassische Nikotinersatzpräparate?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About