“…In particular in situations where a relationship exists, consumers may complain to assure that the issue is structurally solved (Zaugg & Jäggi, 2006). In relationships of high quality and trust such complaining behavior may be communicated openly (Forrester & Maute, 2001) via, for example online forums (Harrison-Walker, 2001). From a complaint management perspective, companies may even encourage such open complaining as it proves their commitment towards the customer and transparency of their operations (Hart, Heskett, & Sasser, 1990;Spreng, Harrell, & Mackoy, 1995).…”