E-Waste Management in Different Countries: Strategies, Impacts, and Determinants

Abstract

Over the last two decades, the electronic equipment has increased dramatically around the world, which causes increasing in e-waste as well. This increasing has affected the environment badly. E-waste disposal has become one of the most critical issues and concerns have raised of it because most of these products do not biodegrade easily and they are toxic. Different strategies have been followed in many countries in order to solve the e-waste problem. Understanding these strategies can help to plan better for e-waste management correctly. Awareness of people about the e-waste impacts is crucial, because it can ensure people participation in managing the e waste process. This research has carried out in order to introduce to the e-waste impacts on environment and human health, and the importance of people awareness about these impacts. In addition, it shows many strategies that have been used in different countries to manage the e-waste, choosing the successful one to focus in order to benefit from it. Furthermore, a surveying has been carried out to exam people awareness in Iraq about the e-waste impacts. Finally, recommendations to manage e-waste successfully have been added.

An in-depth analysis and review of management strategies for E-waste in the south Asian region: A way forward towards waste to energy conversion and sustainability

“…The most crucial factor in reducing E-waste is recycling. Waste from electronics recycling provides a number of benefits including decreasing the pollution of the air and water that results from manufacturing new items from raw materials, preserving natural resources, lowering GHG emissions, and creating jobs, among others [ 252 ]. E-waste is typically disposed of at landfills and incinerators from where hazardous greenhouse gases like methane and carbon monoxide are produced as a result of the breakdown and decomposition of this garbage.…”

E –Waste Management in India; Treatment and Opportunities

“…Such kind of regeneration entails cheap labour as well as hazardous hand equipment disassembly. This industry puts recyclers and the environment at risk because it employs subpar procedures and lacks the facilities necessary to protect human wellbeing and the ecosystem [9].…”

Physicochemical Properties and Health Risks of Informal E-Waste Processing at Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria

“…Nigeria receives large volumes of e-waste from developed countries, and most of these second-hand electronics end up in landfills after useful parts have been removed (Forti et al, 2020). The environmental impact resulting from e-waste recycling and disposal has been reported in many countries, including China, Germany, India, Sweden, and Asia (Otache et al, 2014;Borthakur, 2016;Cayumil et al, 2016;Mohammed, 2022). The disposal and recycling of e-waste in an environmentally unsound way can pose significant risks to human health and the environment due to the presence of heavy metals and organic compounds of chlorine and bromine (Fadaei, 2022).…”