Hybrid PET/MRI is a recently developed technique, which is attracting growing interest among the medical community owing to its potential clinical and research applications. PET/MRI is of special interest for neuroscience, given that PET and MRI are the neuroimaging methods of choice for many clinical and scientific applications. The first clinical studies conducted have tested the performance of PET/MRI in oncology indications, neurodegenerative disorders and epilepsy, using aminoacidic tracers and somatostatin-receptor imaging ( 68 Ga-DOTATOC), 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG), and 11 C-flumazenil, respectively, and shown that the acquisition of both brain PET and MRI can be performed in a single session on a hybrid PET/MRI system achieving quality comparable to that of PET/CT and MRI acquired separately, but with some important advantages. Combined acquisition of PET and MRI maximizes the clinical information and optimizes the registration of both modalities, while minimizing patient discomfort. Sparing the patient the CT scan can reduce radiation exposure while the accurate coregistration due to the identical positioning opens new windows for better region-specific evaluation of PET data, particularly when acquired with tracers that provide little anatomical information. PET and MRI parameters can be systematically combined for diagnostic interpretation and new options concerning partial volume and motion correction can be exploited. There are still open issues, such as the selection of clinical indications, the influence of the combined design on the performance of each modality, and, in particular, the validation of quantitative PET measures with respect to attenuation correction. Overall, PET/MRI hybrid imaging is an exciting new modality and potentially the future modality of choice for neuroimaging investigations.