Early and Late Complications of Extensive Muscle Surgery

A child with multiple absent extraocular muscles

“…Vessel-sparing surgery has been advocated in similar circumstances but is not always successful at maintaining perfusion. [5][6][7][8][9] He has significant hypermetropia, with a retinoscopy of ϩ6.0, which puts him at risk of amblyopia. So far, spectacles have not been prescribed due to difficulties with positioning the lenses in relation to the visual axis.…”

Blood-Aqueous Barrier Disruptionin Expe rimental Anterior Segment Ischemia in Rabbit Eyes

“…Girard and Beltranena [1] reported that tenotomies of three or four rectus muscles produce anterior ischemia. Wilcox et al [24] described the importance of the anterior ciliary arteries in relation to ASI.…”

“…Anterior segment ischemia (ASI) can be a serious complication after strabismus [1][2][3] or retinal detachment surgery [4,5]. This complication results from embarrassment of the blood supply to the anterior segment, which is irrigated by the long ciliary and anterior ciliary arteries, and occlusion of the vortex vein [6,7].…”

Dynamics of external ocular blood flow studied by scanning angiographic microscopy

“…The anatomical and clinical evidence supporting this centripetal (anterograde) direction of flow in the anterior ciliary arteries is substantial. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The best argument supporting the validity of the directional interpretations of blood flow in SAM videoangiography is the internal consistency pro vided by the appropriateness of the direction and rate in vessels of different configurations throughout the vascular transit in all quadrants. It is believed that the spots of low fluorescence represent erythrocyte rouleaux formations (as red cells absorb fluorescein poorly) and that the highly fluorescent spots are due to segments of cell-free plasma?5 Fluorescence induction in blood is essentially a surface phenom enon,36 and rouleaux may tumble into and out of the surface layer.…”