Early Childhood Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version

Abstract

Present study examined the ECPARQ with four different higher order techniques (Bifactor EFA, Bifactor CFA, Bifactor ESEM, Second-order CFA) plus a simple CFA (ICM CFA), evaluating a total of 19 models. All models were tested twice, one for the ECPARQ Mother version and one for the Father version. For each version, alternative models were tested with 2, 3 and 4-factor structures. All models were tested having item 13 both in the intended factor and alternatively in the Warmth factor. This comparison was made to empirically answer in what factor the item 13 belongs. All higher order models had an adequate fit, suggesting thus the theoretical construct of the Warmth dimension of Parenting is supported for the Greek cultural context, although further investigation is necessary. ICM-CFA had equally adequate fit, thus preferable based on parsimony. All models tested having item 13 in the Warmth factor had superior fit in comparison to their counterparts with item 13 in the Indifference/Neglect factor. Internal consistency reliability was adequate.

Bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling: A meta-analytic review of model fit

“…The third domain of self and identity includes the constructs of self-compassion (Tóth-Király et al, 2017 ; Benda, 2018 ; Neff et al, 2018 , 2019 , 2021a , b ), self-concept (Morin et al, 2016a ; Arens et al, 2021 ), self-perception (Chung et al, 2016 ; Arens and Morin, 2017 ; Giotsa and Kyriazos, 2019 ), body checking (Maïano et al, 2021 ), big five personality traits (Lee et al, 2017 ; Arias et al, 2018 ), multicultural personality (Korol et al, 2018 ), psychopath personality (Gu et al, 2017 ; McLarnon and Tarraf, 2017 , 2021 ; Somma et al, 2019 ; Gomez et al, 2020b ; Vaughan et al, 2020 ), conspiracy beliefs (García-Garzón et al, 2020 ), paranoid thoughts (Bianchi and Verkuilen, 2021 ), character strength (Ng et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2021 ), consideration of future consequences (McKay et al, 2016 ), morningness (Morin et al, 2016b ; Díaz-Morales and Parra-Robledo, 2018 ), compassion (Halamová et al, 2020 ; Pommier et al, 2020 ), emotional intelligence (Esnaola et al, 2018 ; Pirsoul et al, 2022 ), intelligence (Lecerf and Canivez, 2018 ), life skills (Cronin and Allen, 2017 ; Jaotombo, 2019 ; Choisay et al, 2021 ), mental toughness (Bédard-Thom and Guay, 2018 ; Schmid et al, 2018 ; Kawabata et al, 2021 ), and resilience (Decroos et al, 2017 ; Perera and Ganguly, 2018 ; Dai et al, 2019 ).…”

Parenting and disruptive child behavior: A daily diary study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

“…Parents completed the eight-item Warmth subscale of the Early Childhood Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (Rohner, 2005) on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = completely disagree ; 4 = completely agree ). Reliability and validity of the Early Childhood Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire have not been studied in the Netherlands but tend to be good across cultures (Giotsa & Kyriazos, 2019). Sample items include “I make my child feel wanted and needed” and “I make my child feel what they do is important.” Internal consistency was α = .83.…”

Moderating Effects of Emotional Recognition Competency in Rejective Parenting and Adolescent Depression and Aggression

“…In addition, the aggressive behavior of children, when triggered by negative parenting, can mutually interact with the behavior of parents and, conversely, foster parental criticism and rejection [11]. In addition, in schools, where most of the time is spent during adolescence, maladjustments, such as rejection from peers and interpersonal anxiety, can be experienced [12][13][14]. Parenting attitudes significantly impact children's emotional instability and resulting mental health problems.…”