Early Childhood Caries and Related Risk Factors among Myanmar Preschool Children

Thwin, Kaung Myat; Zaitsu, Takashi; Ueno, Masashi; Kawaguchi, Yoko

doi:10.15236/ijcpd.2016.12.4.229

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, the lack of mouth rinsing after a meal was also associated with dental caries. These results corroborated the findings of other studies. The modality of tooth brushing is an important determinant of dental caries and gingivitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In Myanmar, every school has a canteen, and such facilities potentially serve as a readily available source of cariogenic foods and beverages. This study showed that the consumption of highly cariogenic foods, especially sweet snacks, was significantly associated with dental caries, a finding that has been firmly established in previous studies. This study also found that the consumption of sweet drinks was a risk indicator for gingivitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In some Asian countries, dental caries is widespread and has become a major public health problem. The high prevalence of dental caries may be associated with the frequent consumption of sweet foods, lack of adequate oral hygiene and accumulation of dental plaque, past experience of dental caries in the primary dentition, female sex, low socioeconomic status, and inadequate utilisation of dental services. Dental caries and its associated pain can interfere greatly with a child’s daily life by causing a lack of sleep, affecting academic performance and resulting in missed school days, and posing an economic burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk indicators of dental caries and gingivitis among 10−11-year-old students in Yangon, Myanmar

Myint

Zaitsu

Oshiro

et al. 2020

International Dental Journal

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Objectives: To obtain basic data on dental caries and gingival status of students in Myanmar, and to identify related risk indicators, including socioeconomic conditions and oral health behaviours and habits. Study design: This cross-sectional study enrolled 537 fifth-grade students in Myanmar. Oral health behaviours and dietary patterns of students were assessed using questionnaires. Oral examinations were conducted to identify dental caries and gingivitis, and the oral samples were obtained to determine the bacteria levels in dental plaque. Results: The dental caries prevalence was 68.5%, with a mean number of decayed teeth of 2.07 AE 2.15. The prevalence of gingivitis was 98.9%, and the mean number of inflamed gingival areas in the anterior region was 16.2 AE 5.4. No significant differences were found between the sexes in terms of dental caries and gingivitis. Oral hygiene was significantly poorer, and levels of bacteria in dental plaque were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Multiple linear regression tests were used to analyse the association between risk indicators and dental caries and gingivitis. Tooth brushing frequency, a daily habit of mouth rinsing, dental visit experience, consumption of sugary snacks and oral hygiene status were significantly associated with dental caries. Mother's occupation, tooth brushing frequency, consumption of sweet drinks, oral hygiene status and bacterial levels in dental plaque were significant predictors of gingivitis. Conclusions: Myanmar students had a high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis. Socioeconomic condition, oral hygiene status and oral health behaviours were all determined to be significant risk indicators.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk indicators of dental caries and gingivitis among 10−11-year-old students in Yangon, Myanmar

Myint

Zaitsu

Oshiro

et al. 2020

International Dental Journal

Self Cite

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“…Examining children’s oral health status, over half of the children had untreated caries, with higher prevalence and severity in urban children compared to rural children. While some dental epidemiologists have asserted that ECC is “a disease of poverty” [26], our study and some others in developing countries have found that lower-income and rural settings may be protective against ECC by preserving traditional dietary patterns and limiting children’s access to junk food [27,28,29]. For low-income populations globally, it is a hopeful message that achieving good oral health does not require higher education or substantial income; it can be achieved by simple, healthy daily practices in nutrition and oral hygiene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Early Childhood Oral Health and Nutrition in Urban and Rural Nepal

Tsang

Sokal-Gutierrez

Patel

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Globalization and urbanization in Nepal have driven a nutritional transition from an agricultural-based diet to an ultra-processed, sugary diet. This study assessed the nutrition and oral health of 836 children age 6 months to 6 years and their families in rural and urban Nepal. Mothers were interviewed about maternal–child oral health and nutrition, and children received dental exams and height and weight measurements. Analyses utilized SPSS statistical software. Most families lived within a 5-minute walk to a store selling ultra-processed snacks and sugary drinks. While most mothers knew sweets caused tooth decay, half of the children were given sweets daily, and 58.2% of children had dental caries. Caries began in the first 2 years and increased in prevalence and severity to age 6, when 74.3% had caries and 20% experienced mouth pain. Despite greater health knowledge and resources among urban mothers, urban children’s increased access to junk food and frequency of consumption was associated with higher prevalence and severity of caries compared to rural children. Severe caries was associated with malnutrition, especially in rural children. Preventive strategies are needed in early childhood to incorporate nutrition and oral health education and dental care into maternal–child health services, and develop policies to prohibit the sale of junk food around schools.

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“…[ 10 ] Scientific articles about oral diseases and oral health in Myanmar had already been published. [ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ] Although information about the health system and human resources for health in Myanmar were found in some articles,[ 6 7 , 22 ] items related to the oral health system have not yet been mentioned. Therefore, this article reports the current conditions and challenges of Myanmar’s oral health system based on the published articles and the reliable local documents that are inaccessible by non-native speakers and non-health professionals added value to the academic world in the overview of the oral health system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%