Early Cretaceous chalks from the North Sea giving evidence for global change

Mutterlose, Jörg; Bottini, Cinzia

doi:10.1038/ncomms2698

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Menegatti et al, 1998;Hochuli et al, 1999;Luciani et al, 2001;Bellanca et al, 2002;Jenkyns, 2003Jenkyns, , 2010Millán et al, 2009;Erba et al, 2010;Keller et al, 2011;Stein et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2012;Husinec et al, 2012), Vocontian Basin (e.g. Moullade et al, 1998;Kuhnt et al, 2011), Lower Saxony Basin (Mutterlose et al, 2010(Mutterlose et al, , 2014Bottini and Mutterlose, 2012;Pauly et al, 2013), North Sea (Mutterlose and Bottini, 2013), Russian Platform (Zakharov et al, 2013), Pacific (e.g. Jenkyns, 1995;Price, 2003;Schouten et al, 2003;Ando et al, 2008; and Atlantic oceans (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate variability and ocean fertility during the Aptian Stage

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Several studies have been conducted to reconstruct temperature variations across the Aptian Stage, particularly during early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a. There is a general consensus that a major warming characterized OAE 1a, although some studies have provided evidence for transient "cold snaps" or cooler intervals during the event. The climatic conditions for the middle–late Aptian are less constrained, and a complete record through the Aptian is not available. Here we present a reconstruction of surface-water palaeotemperature and fertility based on calcareous nannofossil records from the Cismon and Piobbico cores (Tethys) and DSDP Site 463 (Pacific Ocean). The data, integrated with oxygen-isotope and TEX86 records, provide a detailed picture of climatic and ocean fertility changes during the Aptian Stage, which are discussed in relation to the direct/indirect role of volcanism. Warm temperatures characterized the pre-OAE 1a interval, followed by a maximum warming (of ~ 1.5–2 °C) during the early phase of anoxia under intense volcanic activity of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). A short-lived cooling episode interrupted the major warming, following a rapid increase in weathering rates. Nannofossils indicate that mesotrophic conditions were reached when temperatures were at their highest and OJP volcanism most intense, thus suggesting that continental runoff, together with increased input of hydrothermal metals, increased nutrient supply to the oceans. The latter part of OAE 1a was characterized by cooling events, probably promoted by CO2 sequestration during burial of organic matter. In this phase, high productivity was probably maintained by N2-fixing cyanobacteria, while nannofossil taxa indicating higher fertility were rare. The end of anoxia coincided with the cessation of volcanism and a pronounced cooling. The mid-Aptian was characterized by highest surface-water fertility and progressively decreasing temperatures, probably resulting from intense continental weathering drawing down pCO2. The lowest temperatures, combined with low fertility, were reached in the middle–late Aptian across the interval characterized by blooming of Nannoconus truittii. The prolonged cooling was followed by significant warming across the Aptian–Albian boundary. The data presented suggest that OJP activity played a direct role in inducing global warming during the early Aptian, whereas other mechanisms (weathering, deposition of organic matter) acted as feedback processes, favouring temporary cooler interludes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herrle et al, 2010;Kuhnt et al, 2011), Boreal Realm (e.g. Rückheim et al, 2006;Malkoč et al, 2010;Bottini and Mutterlose, 2012;Pauly et al, 2013;Mutterlose and Bottini, 2013) and Pacific Ocean (e.g. Jenkyns, 1995;Jenkyns and Wilson, 1999;Price, 2003;Ando et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variability and ocean fertility during the Aptian Stage

et al. 2015

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“…Although their trophic affinities are the subject of some controversy, there is a general consensus in interpreting nannoconids as a thermophile taxon which thrives in relatively warm, clear and oligotrophic surface waters (Roth and Krumbach, 1986;Erba, 1987;Mutterlose, 1987;Erba, 1989;Mutterlose, 1989;Busson and Noël, 1991;Coccioni et al, 1992;Erba, 1992Erba, , 1994Street and Bown, 2000;Bellanca et al, 2002;Bornemann et al, 2003;Herrle, 2003;Tremolada et al, 2006;Barbarin et al, 2012;Mutterlose and Bottini, 2013). During the Early Cretaceous, high fertility and turbidity conditions trigger low diversity and eventually lead to extinctions (Coccioni et al, 1992;Larson and Erba, 1999;Leckie et al, 2002;Herrle, 2003;Erba, 2004;Erba and Tremolada, 2004;Erba, 2006;Barbarin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Medium and Short-term Changes In Nannoconid Distribution: A mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nannoconids (genus Nannoconus) present during the late Tithonian-late Campanian are represented by compact, conicalshaped morphotypes. They were found in the Tethyan and Boreal Realms and Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Mutterlose, 1989;Mutterlose and Wise, 1990;Mutterlose, 1992aMutterlose, , 1992bBralower et al, 1993Bralower et al, , 1994Erba, 1994;William and Bralower, 1995;Bralower et al, 1999;Mutterlose and Kessels, 2000;Mutterlose et al, 2003;Erba and Tremolada, 2004;Bornemann and Mutterlose, 2008;Barbarin et al, 2012;Pauly et al, 2012;Mutterlose and Bottini, 2013), and they were rock-forming in the Tethys (Erba, 1989;Roth, 1989;Erba, 1994;Bornemann et al, 2003;Erba and Tremolada, 2004;Weissert and Erba, 2004) and the Boreal Realm (Mutterlose and Bottini, 2013) during the latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Pentaliths consist of pentagonal shaped morphotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Calcareous nannofossil response to the Weissert episode (Early Cretaceous): Implications for palaeoecological and palaeoceanographic reconstructions

Duchamp‐Alphonse¹,

Gardin²,

Bartolini³

2014

Marine Micropaleontology

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“…Important information regarding paleoenvironmental conditions can be gathered from nannofossils since calcareous nannoplankton is extremely sensitive to changes in surface water chemical and physical conditions. Specifically, decades of studies performed on calcareous nannofossils improved the knowledge about the paleoecology affinity of some species (e.g., Roth and Krumbach, 1986;Bralower, 1988;Premoli Silva et al, 1989a, b;Watkins, 1989;Coccioni et al, 1992;Erba et al, 1992;Erba, 1994;Herrle and Mutterlose, 2003;Herrle et al, 2003a;Tiraboschi et al, 2009), which were also used to calculate temperature and nutrient indices (e.g., Herrle et al, 2003a, b;Bornemann et al, 2005;Watkins et al, 2005;Browning and Watkins 2008;Tiraboschi et al, 2009;Pauly et al, 2012;Mutterlose and Bottini, 2013;Bottini et al, 2015;Kanungo et al, 2018) over specific intervals of the Cretaceous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REPLY TO Anonymous Referee #2

Bottini¹

2018

Preprint

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We present a continuous record of surface water temperature and fertility variations through the latest Barremian-Cenomanian interval (ca. 27 Myr) based on calcareous nannofossil abundances from the western Tethys. The nannofossil temperature index, calibrated with TEX 86 sea surface temperatures, suggests that warmest (34-36 • C) conditions were reached during oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a onset, the Aptian-Albian boundary interval hyperthermals (113, Kilian level and Urbino level OAE 1b) and during a ca. 4 Myr long phase in the middle Albian. Coolest temperatures (29 • C) correspond instead to the late Aptian. Generally warm conditions characterized the Albian followed by a progressive cooling trend that started in the latest Albian (at the Marne a Fucoidi-Scaglia Bianca Formation transition). Temperate conditions occurred in the Cenomanian with frequent short-term variations highlighted by abundance peaks of the cold-water nannofossil species E. floralis and R. parvidentatum. Mid-Cretaceous surface water fertility was rather fluctuating and mostly independent from climatic conditions as well as from black shales intervals. Intense warming and fertility spikes were systematically associated only with black shales of OAE 1a and of the Aptian-Albian boundary hyperthermals. The Albian-Cenomanian rhythmic black shales are, in fact, associated with varying long-term climatic and fertility conditions. The similarity of western Tethys climatic and fertility fluctuations during OAE 1a, OAE 1b, the middle Albian and OAE 1d with nannofossil-based records from other basins indicated that these paleoenvironmental conditions were affecting the oceans at supra-regional to global scale.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Early Cretaceous chalks from the North Sea giving evidence for global change

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Climate variability and ocean fertility during the Aptian Stage

Climate variability and ocean fertility during the Aptian Stage

Calcareous nannofossil response to the Weissert episode (Early Cretaceous): Implications for palaeoecological and palaeoceanographic reconstructions

REPLY TO Anonymous Referee #2

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