Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma using IgA Anti-EBNA1 + VCA-p18 Serology assay

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy in Indonesia. Overall, it ranksfourth in males and sixth in females as the most prevalent type of cancer in that country. The data show that in the year 2011, NPC incidence was considered to be intermediate (6.2/100,000 population per year). Through histopathologic examination, about 70 to 80% of these cases were found to be type III according to the WHO ciassificaton. NPC carries an excellent prognosis if treated early, but most patients presented with stage III to IV disease, which negatively affected the cure rate and increased the mortality rate. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgA serology has been established as an effective markerfor NPC. Therefore, biologic markers, DNA, and/ or antibody-based diagnosis is needed to decrease NPC cases. A screeningprogram needs tobedeveloped that will identifypeople at high risk of NPC and those who are in theearly stage ofthedisease. In thisstudy, 20samples were collected from posttherapy patients. An otolaryngologic examination, histopathologyofnasopharyngeal tissue, and blood testing for serologic markers were performed. IgA anti-EBNA1 + VCA-pl Senzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showedpositive impactas a toolfor confirming the diagnosis ofNPC, but itstillhastobecombinedwithother specific diagnostic tools for post-therapy monitoringand for determining prognosis.

Pathologic Evaluation of Routine Nasopharynx Punch Biopsy in the Adult Population: Is It Really Necessary?

“…Though NPC is a rare disease on a world scale, and accounts for 0.7% of all cancers according to global cancer statistics, from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, there were over 84,000 new NPC cases in 2008 [ 8 , 9 ]. With evolution of treatment, this lethal cancer carries an excellent prognosis and maybe curable especially if detected early but most of the patients presented with stage III to IV disease with negatively affected the cure rate and increased the mortality rate [ 3 , 7 , 10 ].…”

“…The presence of high level anti-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) antibodies with NPC are well known. Serologic markers for EBV infection, such as antibodies to EBV immunoglobulin A or EBV DNA gene products have also been used for screening [ 7 ].…”

HUBUNGAN IgA ANTI-VCA EVB DENGAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PADA PENDERITA KARSINOMA NASOFARING

“…Studi ini melibatkan 16 pasien bertipe histopatologi tipe III dengan angka nilai serologi IgA anti-VCA EBV mencapai 93,75%. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan nilai serologi IgA anti-VCA EBV positif dijumpai sebesar 100% pada jenis histopatologi tipe III [27]. Lesi KNF primer adalah karsinoma non-keratinisasi yang berdiferensiasi atau tidak berdiferensiasi yang sensitif terhadap radioterapi.…”

Development of a time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay for Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1‐immunoglobulin A in human serum

“…EBNA1 is the only viral protein expressed when EBV is latent in proliferating cells, and during all EBV‐associated malignancy events [Westhoff and Sugden, ]. EBNA1 IgA responses appear to be specific for NPC, with the highest sensitivity compared with other potential antibody markers for specific diagnosis of NPC [Foong et al, ; Romdhoni et al, ]. There are a number of techniques used for detecting EBV, including indirect immunofluorescence assay, immunoblotting, polymerase chain reaction assay, and ELISA.…”