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Introduction: Deep Neck Abscess is the accumulation of pus inside the potential space between the deep neck fasciae. The incidence has decreased dramatically since the antibiotic era. Empirical antibiotics are administered before the sensitivity test results out, so it is important to know the map of bacteria and its resistance.Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively using medical records of patients with deep neck abscess in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during January 2014-December 2017. Data recorded included gender, age, location, results of bacteria culture examination, antibiotic sensitivity test, and complications that occurred. Data is processed descriptively. Results: Of the 162 patients, 102 (62.96%) were males, followed by 60 females (37.04%). The 46-60 years old group has the largest percentage (33.95%). Whereas the most common location of abscess was in the submandibular (42.59%). Pus culture test, most bacteria is Klebsiella pneumonia (13.04%). While the sensitivity test shows that meropenem has the highest sensitivity number (73.58). Most complications were sepsis, in 48 patients (29.63%). Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus anginosus are the most common etiologies in deep neck abscess. Meropenem, cefoperazone-sulbactam, and oxacillin are the most sensitive antibiotics.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) awareness programme on the short-term and long-term improvement of knowledge and referral of patients with NPC by primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) staff in Indonesia. Design The NPC awareness programme consisted of 12 symposia including a Train-The-Trainer component, containing lectures about early symptoms and risk factors of NPC, practical examination and the referral system for NPC suspects. Before and after training participants completed a questionnaire. The Indonesian Doctors Association accredited all activities. Participants 1 representative general practitioner (GP) from each PHCC attended an NPC awareness symposium. On the basis of the Train-The-Trainer principle, GPs received training material and were obligated to train their colleagues in the PHCC. Results 703 GPs attended the symposia and trained 1349 staff members: 314 other GPs, 685 nurses and 350 midwives. After the training, respondents’ average score regarding the knowledge of NPC symptoms increased from 47 points (of the 100) to 74 points (p<0.001); this increase was similar between symposium and Train-The-Trainer component (p=0.88). At 1½ years after the training, this knowledge remained significantly increased at 59 points (p<0.001). Conclusions The initial results of this NPC awareness programme indicate that the programme effectively increases NPC knowledge in the short and long term and therefore should be continued. Effects of the improved knowledge on the stage at diagnoses of the patients with NPC will still need to be scrutinised. This awareness programme can serve as a blueprint for other cancer types in Indonesia and for other developing countries.

Table of contentsA1 Hope and despair in the current treatment of nasopharyngeal cancerIB TanI1 NPC international incidence and risk factorsEllen T ChangI2 Familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the use of biomarkersChien-Jen Chen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Yin-Chu ChienI3 Genetic susceptibility risk factors for sporadic and familial NPC: recent findingsAllan HildesheimI5 Genetic and environmental risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer in Southeast AsiaJames D McKay, Valerie Gaborieau, Mohamed Arifin Bin Kaderi, Dewajani Purnomosari, Catherine Voegele, Florence LeCalvez-Kelm, Graham Byrnes, Paul Brennan, Beena DeviI6 Characterization of the NPC methylome identifies aberrant epigenetic disruption of key signaling pathways and EBV-induced gene methylationLi L, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Sun K, Du Z, Sun H, Chan AT, Tsao SW, Zeng YX, Tao QI7 Tumor exosomes and translational research in NPCPierre Busson, Claire Lhuillier, Olivier Morales, Dhafer Mrizak, Aurore Gelin, Nikiforos Kapetanakis, Nadira DelhemI8 Host manipulations of the Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 proteinSheila Mansouri, Jennifer Cao, Anup Vaidya, and Lori FrappierI9 Somatic genetic changes in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinomaLo Kwok WaiI10 Preliminary screening results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with ELISA-based EBV antibodies in Southern ChinaSui-Hong Chen, Jin-lin Du, Ming-Fang Ji, Qi-Hong Huang, Qing Liu, Su-Mei CaoI11 EBV array platform to screen for EBV antibodies associated with NPC and other EBV-associated disordersDenise L. Doolan, Anna Coghill, Jason Mulvenna, Carla Proietti, Lea Lekieffre, Jeffrey Bethony, and Allan HildesheimI12 The nasopharyngeal carcinoma awareness program in IndonesiaRenske Fles, Sagung Rai Indrasari, Camelia Herdini, Santi Martini, Atoillah Isfandiari, Achmad Rhomdoni, Marlinda Adham, Ika Mayangsari, Erik van Werkhoven, Maarten Wildeman, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Bambang Hermani, Widodo Ario Kentjono, Sofia Mubarika Haryana, Marjanka Schmidt, IB TanI13 Current advances and future direction in nasopharyngeal cancer managementBrian O’SullivanI14 Management of juvenile nasopharyngeal cancerEnis OzyarI15 Global pattern of nasopharyngeal cancer: correlation of outcome with access to radiotherapyAnne WM LeeI16 The predictive/prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinomaMu-Sheng ZengI17 Effect of HLA and KIR polymorphism on NPC riskXiaojiang Gao, Minzhong Tang, Pat Martin, Yi Zeng, Mary CarringtonI18 Exploring the Association between Potentially Neutralizing Antibodies against EBV Infection and Nasopharyngeal CarcinomaAnna E Coghill, Wei Bu, Hanh Nguyen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Pei-Jen Lou, Cheng-Ping Wang, Chien-Jen Chen, Allan Hildesheim, Jeffrey I CohenI19 Advances in MR imaging in NPCAnn D KingO1 Epstein-Barr virus seromarkers and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the gene-environment interaction study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in TaiwanYin-Chu Chien, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Ching-Yuan Lin, Yung-An Tsou, Yi-Shing Leu, Li-Jen Laio, Yen-Liang Chang, Cheng-Ping Wang, Chun-Hun Hua, Ming-Shiang Wu, Chu-Hsing Kate Hsiao, Jehn-Chuan ...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy in Indonesia. Overall, it ranksfourth in males and sixth in females as the most prevalent type of cancer in that country. The data show that in the year 2011, NPC incidence was considered to be intermediate (6.2/100,000 population per year). Through histopathologic examination, about 70 to 80% of these cases were found to be type III according to the WHO ciassificaton. NPC carries an excellent prognosis if treated early, but most patients presented with stage III to IV disease, which negatively affected the cure rate and increased the mortality rate. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgA serology has been established as an effective markerfor NPC. Therefore, biologic markers, DNA, and/ or antibody-based diagnosis is needed to decrease NPC cases. A screeningprogram needs tobedeveloped that will identifypeople at high risk of NPC and those who are in theearly stage ofthedisease. In thisstudy, 20samples were collected from posttherapy patients. An otolaryngologic examination, histopathologyofnasopharyngeal tissue, and blood testing for serologic markers were performed. IgA anti-EBNA1 + VCA-pl Senzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showedpositive impactas a toolfor confirming the diagnosis ofNPC, but itstillhastobecombinedwithother specific diagnostic tools for post-therapy monitoringand for determining prognosis.