“…Besides, multivariate data analysis can help uncover useful information hidden within it ( Maione et al, 2019 ), especially for massive datasets from sensors. Machine learning methods showed the excellent data mining ability in hyperspectral data mining ( Yang et al, 2020 ; Najafabadi, 2021 ; Weng et al, 2021 ), and the combination between them can be exploited as a competent tool in plant science ( Greener et al, 2022 ) such as early stress detection ( Gu et al, 2019 ; Lu et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ), unsound kernel identification ( Liang et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021a ), and the evaluation of nutrition content ( Zhang et al, 2020a , b ; Najafabadi, 2021 ).…”