Early Draft' of Part of The Wealth of Nations

Smith, A. G.; Meek, Rosie; Raphael, D. D.; Stein, P

doi:10.1093/oseo/instance.00042879

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The theory of international trade was first elaborated by the classical economists (Smith 1762). This theory proposition was a response to the mercantilist inception of contradiction with the liberal doctrine that emphasized the significance of individuals and reckoned the nation just as the summation of its residents.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange rate regimes and global cocoa trade: to float or to peg?

Addai

Gyimah

Poku-Agyemang

2020

Cogent Economics & Finance

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The effectiveness of different exchange rate systems continues to attract the attention of many scholars, however, most discussions on exchange rate regimes have focused on how the phenomenon affects economic growth, economic stability, financial crises, international tourism, and international trade in general. In this study, we explore the effect of exchange rate regimes that has so far escaped the attention of many scholars in the exchange rate literature, the effect of exchange rate regimes on global cocoa trade. STATA statistical tool was employed in analyzing panel data from 10 leading cocoa-producing countries from 1980 to 2016. With the justification of the Hausman test, the fixed effects estimation method was used. The main effect observed was that countries suffered a statistically significant negative effect on net exports if they pegged their currencies to the Euro, but countries with floating exchange rates regimes do not suffer that effect. Therefore, this study recommends that countries adopt a more flexible exchange rate system, particularly if they are exporters of agricultural raw materials and products. Most cocoa-producing countries grow cocoa as a cash crop, thus, rely heavily on the trade of cocoa beans and other product. Therefore, it would be counterintuitive to have all the profits from the trade of cocoa to be wiped out by the rigidity of an exchange rate regime.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange rate regimes and global cocoa trade: to float or to peg?

Addai

Gyimah

Poku-Agyemang

2020

Cogent Economics & Finance

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“…On this view current citizens are an ‘effeminate and puny set of mortals’, depending as they do on goods such as glass to allow heat and light and without which the country would be uninhabitable (Smith, 1982b [1762–6]: 339). This reference to the ‘present effeminate and puny set of mortals’ makes its way into the drafts of the Wealth of Nations , albeit tweaked a little to ‘effeminate and delicate race of mortals’ (Smith, 1982c [1763]: 563).…”

Section: Cultures Of War Cultures Of Effeminacymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘O Effeminacy! Effeminacy!’ War, masculinity and the myth of liberal peace

Neocleous

2011

European Journal of International Relations

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This article challenges a received wisdom in the liberal peace thesis, namely that the roots of the conjunction of liberalism and peace can be traced back to the idea of an essentially pacific commercial civil society in the 18th-century Scottish Enlightenment. The article instead shows that the Scottish Enlightenment was committed to the idea of military virtue. Textual analysis of the work of Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson reveals a deep and abiding commitment to martial values. The article explores this commitment via an account of the rise of concerns over ‘effeminacy’ in the 18th century, understood as a threat to both military virtue and masculine strength. In exploring these ideas the article claims that IR has helped perpetuate one of today’s key political myths: that liberalism is committed to peace.

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“…Adam Smith had advocated the introduction of tolls for the maintenance of roads, so that the consumers would pay directly for that service. 70 But, following Pietro Verri's Meditazioni sull'economia politica, Pecchio stated that in a country of 'little activity, little commerce' tolls would only hinder the expansion of trade and commercial activity, because they made the various parts of a country more isolated. 7 Pecchio concluded therefore that the economic policies advocated by the English economists were inapplicable outside England because of the backwardness of the other European nations (in a broad cultural, economic, social and political sense).…”

Section: Illmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Una scienza dell'amor patrio’: Public economy, freedom and civilization in Giuseppe Pecchio's works (1827–1830)

Isabella¹

1999

Journal of Modern Italian Studies

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Early Draft' of Part of The Wealth of Nations

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Exchange rate regimes and global cocoa trade: to float or to peg?

Exchange rate regimes and global cocoa trade: to float or to peg?

‘O Effeminacy! Effeminacy!’ War, masculinity and the myth of liberal peace

‘Una scienza dell'amor patrio’: Public economy, freedom and civilization in Giuseppe Pecchio's works (1827–1830)

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