Early growth and survival of 49 tropical tree species across sites differing in soil fertility and rainfall in Panama

Breugel, Michiel van; Hall, Jefferson S.; Craven, Dylan; Grégoire, Timothy G.; Park, Andrew; Dent, Daisy H.; Wishnie, Mark; Mariscal, Emilio; Deago, José; Ibarra, Diogenes; Cedeño, Norma; Ashton, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019

Cited by 110 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…As a consequence, sample treelets in forest sites may have differed with regard to age or mycorrhizal association (Haug et al 2010). Moreover, planted treelets of the experimental species showed a fairly poor growth performance (Günter et al 2009), which lagged far behind that of congeneric taxa in other forestry settings (van Breugel et al 2011;Riedel et al 2013). This may be partly attributed to lower temperatures at higher elevations, but it also suggests inferior soil conditions in our research area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The value of targeted reforestations for local insect diversity: a case study from the Ecuadorian Andes

Adams

Fiedler

2015

Biodivers Conserv

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We surveyed insect communities (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera) on native treelets (Cedrela montana, Heliocarpus americanus, Tabebuia chrysantha) planted among anthropogenic land cover types (pasture, secondary shrub, and a pine plantation), comparing them among one another and to those found on conspecific treelets in adjacent montane rainforest. Between 2010 and 2012, we sampled 160 treelets (Pasture: 47, Shrub: 26, Pine: 44, Forest: 43). Habitability of reforestations for forest insects was quantified by examining species richness, diversity partitioning and community composition on reforestations relative to natural forest. Species richness was high (phytophagous Coleoptera: 185 spp., predatory Coleoptera: 101 spp., phytoph. Hemiptera: 174 spp., phytoph. Lepidoptera: 147 spp.) with values being highest in natural forest, and significantly lower in all reforestations. Phytophagous Coleoptera and Lepidoptera communities showed a trend toward higher species richness in pine than in pasture or shrub. Predatory Coleoptera showed higher values in pasture and pine compared to shrub. These findings suggest that microclimatic effects of surrounding vegetation may affect species richness. Given high habitat heterogeneity and prevalence of rare species, tree-level a-diversity and turn-over between individual sample treelets emerged as the strongest contributors to overall diversity. Coleoptera community composition was mainly a function of habitat, but colonization of reforestations by forest species was restricted to phytophagous taxa and contingent on the presence of canopy cover. For Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, community composition was similar across habitats and determined mainly by host species. In summary, young reforestations maintain less diverse insect communities compared to natural Communicated by Kwek Yan Chong.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (forest but still harbor a considerable number of species, particularly if canopy cover is present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The value of targeted reforestations for local insect diversity: a case study from the Ecuadorian Andes

Adams

Fiedler

2015

Biodivers Conserv

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“…This study was conducted in Las Lajas, Panama (81°53 0 W, 8°15 0 N), located within the wet tropical zone, with mean annual rainfall of 4,600 mm and a three-month dry season between January and April (van Breugel et al 2011). The study site is 50 m above sea level and 8 km from the Pacific coast.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest regeneration under Tectona grandis and Terminalia amazonia plantation stands managed for biodiversity conservation in western Panama

et al. 2014

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Plantations of Tectona grandis in Central America are widely perceived to suppress forest regeneration in their understories, yet few studies have tested this assumption. We surveyed the understory woody vegetation growing in 7-year-old stands of T. grandis and the native tree species Terminalia amazonia in a plantation in western Panama that was managed with both commercial timber and biodiversity conservation objectives. We predicted that if T. grandis suppressed forest regeneration then the understories of T. grandis stands would have a lower density of woody stems, smaller stems, and fewer species than stands of T. amazonia. None of our predictions were supported. Densities of woody stems were 0.56 ± 0.21 m -2 (mean ± SE) and 0.64 ± 0.10 m -2 in T. grandis and T. amazonia understories, respectively. Stem height structure was similar under both species, where stems \1 m height dominated. Understory species richness did not differ between the two species; in total, 27 and 30 woody species were sampled in T. grandis and T. amazonia stands, respectively. However, understory species composition differed between the two crop species. Overall, our results are inconsistent with the idea that T. grandis plantations suppress forest regeneration and suggest that the lack of woody vegetation in other T. grandis plantation understories may be attributable to management actions, such as understory thinning, rather than species effects of T. grandis. 123New Forests (2015) 46:157-165 DOI 10.1007 research is needed to compare T. grandis and native species for their effects on forest regeneration.

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“…ex Kunth) Skeels (Anacardiaceae) and Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae). The three tree species co-occur in natural Panamanian forest ecosystems (Croat 1978), and are of regional economical importance because of their suitability for reforestation activities and as valuable timber (ITTO 2006;Wishnie et al 2007;Van Breugel et al 2011).…”

Section: Study Site and Planting Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associational resistance and associational susceptibility: specialist herbivores show contrasting responses to tree stand diversification

et al. 2011

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Heterospecific neighbors may reduce damage to a focal plant by lowering specialist herbivore loads (associational resistance hypothesis), or enhance damage by increasing generalist herbivore loads (associational susceptibility hypothesis). We tested the associational effects of tree diversity on herbivory patterns of the tropical focal tree Tabebuia rosea in an experimental plantation setup, which contained tree monocultures and mixed stands. We found higher herbivore damage to T. rosea at higher tree diversity, indicating that T. rosea did not benefit from associational resistance but rather experienced associational susceptibility. The specific consideration of the two dominant insect herbivore species of T. rosea, the specialist chrysomelid Walterianella inscripta and the specialist pyralid Eulepte gastralis, facilitated understanding of the detected damage patterns. Tree diversity exerted opposite effects on tree infestation by the two herbivores. These findings point to resource concentration effects for the chrysomelid beetle (favored by tree monoculture) and to resource dilution effects for the pyralid caterpillar (favored by tree mixture) as underlying mechanisms of herbivore distribution. A strong contribution of the pyralid to overall damage patterns in diversified stands suggests that associational susceptibility may not necessarily be related to higher abundances of generalist herbivores but may also result from specialized herbivores affected by resource dilution effects. Thus, the identity and biology of herbivore species has to be taken into account when attempting to predict damage patterns in forest ecosystems.

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Early growth and survival of 49 tropical tree species across sites differing in soil fertility and rainfall in Panama

Cited by 110 publications

References 85 publications

The value of targeted reforestations for local insect diversity: a case study from the Ecuadorian Andes

The value of targeted reforestations for local insect diversity: a case study from the Ecuadorian Andes

Forest regeneration under Tectona grandis and Terminalia amazonia plantation stands managed for biodiversity conservation in western Panama

Associational resistance and associational susceptibility: specialist herbivores show contrasting responses to tree stand diversification

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