Early humoral defence: Contributing to confining COVID‐19 to conducting airways?

Persson, C. G. A.

doi:10.1111/sji.13024

Cited by 11 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In asthma, exuded plasma derived peptides/ proteins (in the size range from small catheli cidins to the larger IgM) are increased in infections, exudation of plasma macro molecules is observed until the resolution of symptoms, whereas tracer data suggested unchanged absorption permeability 6,10 . Hence, in environmentally induced airway inflammation, increased levels of plasma macromolecules appear on the surface of a mucosa with an intact barrier, suggesting that humoral responses participate in an early innate respiratory defense 5,6,10 . Whether a similar, direction dependent epithelial barrier asymmetry also exists in the human gut is currently unclear 10 .…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Akdis stresses the need of further research on airway epithelial barriers 1 . In addition to the models discussed in his Review, in vivo models that specifically replicate the airway (not pulmonary 6 ) plasma exudation, while retaining the barrier to allergens and tracers as observed in humans, seem warranted.…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden. e-mail: Carl.persson@med.lu.se sputum 5,6 . However, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that absorption of inhaled tracers is not increased in individuals with asthma 5,[7][8][9] .…”

Section: Carl Persson Department Of Laboratory Medicine Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Bedside’ observations challenge aspects of the ‘epithelial barrier hypothesis’

Persson

2021

Nat Rev Immunol

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Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Bedside’ observations challenge aspects of the ‘epithelial barrier hypothesis’

Persson

2021

Nat Rev Immunol

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 7, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.04.21256352 doi: medRxiv preprint clearance of SARS-CoV-2 [39].…”

Section: Role Of the Mucus In The Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The respective contributions of the mucus and interferon responses in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 [39].…”

Section: Role Of the Mucus In The Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment for long and short range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, indoors and outdoors, using carbon dioxide measurements

Poydenot

Abdourahamane

Caplain

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A quantitative analysis of the viral transmission risk in public spaces al- lows us to identify the dominant mechanisms that a proactive public health policy can act upon to reduce risk, and to evaluate the reduction of risk that can be obtained. The contribution of public spaces to the propa- gation of SARS-CoV-2 can be reduced to a level necessary for a declining epidemic, i.e. an overall reproduction rate below one. Here, we revisit the quantitative assessment of indoor and outdoor transmission risk. We show that the long-range aerosol transmission is controlled by the flow rate of fresh air and by the mask filtering quality, and is quantitatively re- lated to the CO2 concentration, regardless the room volume and the num- ber of people. The short-range airborne transmission is investigated ex- perimentally using dedicated dispersion experiments performed in two shopping malls. Exhaled aerosols are dispersed by turbulent draughts in a cone, leading to a concentration inversely proportional to the squared dis- tance and to the flow velocity. We show that the average infection dose, called the viral quantum, can be determined from epidemiological data in a manner consistent with biological experimental data. Practical implications. The results provide quantitative guidance useful for making rational public health policy decisions to prevent the dominant routes of viral transmission through reinforced ventilation, air purification, mechanical dispersion using fans, and incentivizing the wear- ing of correctly fitted, quality facial masks (surgical masks, possibly cov- ered by another fabric mask, or non-medical FFP2 masks). Taken to- gether, such measures significantly reduce the airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2.

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Assessment of antibodies in the upper and lower human respiratory tract at steady state and after respiratory viral infection

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesThere is an increasing appreciation for the need to study mucosal antibody responses in humans. Our aim was to determine the utility of different types of samples from the human respiratory tract, specifically nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs obtained for diagnostic purposes and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained in outpatient and inpatient settings.MethodsWe analysed antibody levels in plasma and NP swabs from 67 individuals with acute influenza as well as plasma and BAL from individuals undergoing bronchoscopy, including five control subjects as well as seven moderately and seven severely ill subjects with a respiratory viral infection. Levels of α2‐macroglobulin were determined in BAL and plasma to assess plasma exudation.ResultsIgG and IgA were readily detectable in BAL and NP swabs, albeit at different ratios, while IgM levels were low. The total amount of antibody recovered from NP swabs varied greatly between study participants. Accordingly, the levels of influenza HA‐specific antibodies varied, and individuals with lower amounts of total Ig in NP swabs had undetectable levels of HA‐specific Ig. Similarly, the total amount of antibody recovered from BAL varied between study participants. However, severely ill patients showed evidence of increased plasma exudation, which may confound analysis of their BAL samples for mucosal antibodies.ConclusionNasopharyngeal swabs collected for diagnostic purposes may have utility in assessing antibodies from the human nasal mucosa, but variability in sampling should be accounted for. BAL samples can be utilised to study antibodies from the lower respiratory tract, but the possibility of plasma exudation should be excluded.

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Early humoral defence: Contributing to confining COVID‐19 to conducting airways?

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

‘Bedside’ observations challenge aspects of the ‘epithelial barrier hypothesis’

‘Bedside’ observations challenge aspects of the ‘epithelial barrier hypothesis’

Risk assessment for long and short range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, indoors and outdoors, using carbon dioxide measurements

Assessment of antibodies in the upper and lower human respiratory tract at steady state and after respiratory viral infection

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