Early immunological monitoring after pediatric liver transplantation: Cytokine immune deviation and graft acceptance in 40 recipients

Relative roles of Th1 and Th17 effector cells in allograft rejection

“…For example, serum levels of IFNg, sampled at up to 28 days after engraftment, were found to be lowest in paediatric liver transplant patients who tolerated their graft without episodes of rejection [22]. Additionally, in renal transplant patients, urinary protein levels of the IFNginduced chemokine MIG [monokine induced by IFNg known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 CXCL9] and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP10, CXCL10) were significantly elevated during episodes of biopsy-proven acute rejection [23].…”

Operational tolerance after liver transplantation

“…Reding and colleagues reported on a pediatric patient who had IS withdrawn following the onset of lymphoproliferative disorder [30]. This patient was enrolled in an observational study in which the authors intended to monitor the cytokine fluctuation in the serum of 40 pediatric LT recipients, the objective of the study being to identify patients who are rejecting or accepting their liver graft.…”

Immunoparalysis and Adverse Outcomes from Critical Illness

“…High plasma IL-10 levels have been associated with the development of nosocomial infection and death following bone marrow transplantation [81]. Some degree of T H 2 polarization is likely necessary, however, as hepatic graft rejection has been associated with low plasma levels of IL-10 [82].…”