Early-life dietary spray-dried plasma influences immunological and intestinal injury responses to later-lifeSalmonellatyphimuriumchallenge

Abstract

Increasing evidence supports that early life environmental influences, including nutrition and stress, impact long-term health outcomes and disease susceptibility. The objective of the current study was to determine whether dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) fed during the first 2 weeks post-weaning (PW) influences subsequent immunological and intestinal injury responses to S. Typhimurium challenge. Thirty two piglets (16–17 d of age) were weaned onto nursery diets containing 0% SDP, 2.5% SDP (fed for 7 d PW), or 5% SDP (for 14 d PW) and were then fed control diets (without SDP), for the remainder of the experiment. At 34 d PW (50 d of age), pigs were challenged with 3×109 cfu S. Typhimurium. A control group (non-challenged) that was fed 0% SDP in the nursery was included. At 2 d post-challenge, distal ileum was harvested for measurement of inflammatory, histological, and intestinal physiological parameters. S. Typhimurium challenge induced elevated ileal histological scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-8, and TNF, and increased intestinal permeability (indicated by reduced transepithelial voltage (PD) and elevated FD4 flux rates). Compared with S. Typhimurium-challenged controls (0% SDP), pigs fed 5% SDP-14 d exhibited reduced ileal histological scores, MPO, IL-8, and FD4 flux rates. Pigs fed 5% SDP-14 d in the nursery exhibited increased levels of plasma and ileal TNFα in response to challenge, compared with other treatments. These results indicate that inclusion of SDP into PW diets can have influence subsequent immunological responses and intestinal injury induced by later life S. Typhimurium challenge.

The involvement of NF-κB/P38 pathways inScutellaria baicalensisextracts attenuating ofEscherichia coliK88-induced acute intestinal injury in weaned piglets

“…Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β have been shown to exert negative roles in maintaining the tight junction and cytoskeleton structure and function (41) . In the present study, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and immunoglobulins IgA and IgG were stimulated by E. coli K88 challenged in piglets offered the CTRL diet, which was consistent with previous studies (42)(43)(44) .…”

Ultraviolet irradiation of spray-dried porcine plasma does not affect the growth performance of nursery pigs when compared with nonirradiated bovine plasma1

“…This transient effect was also observed by Pierce et al (2005). However, it may be possible that despite similar BW at the end of the 55-d nursery period, pigs fed diets with 6% SDPP or 6% SDBP early in life are better prepared to survive subsequent disease challenges (Boyer et al, 2015).…”

Critical review evaluating the pig as a model for human nutritional physiology

“…Mulder et al (202) showed that the succession of events that lead to a stable adult microbiota depends on colonisation during the first 2 d of life, and also on continuous exposure to highly diverse microbiota during the early development at least up to weaning at 4 weeks of age. Whether inducing early change in immune homeostasis by modifying microbiota would lead to different sensitivity of pigs to infectious or inflammatory challenge, such as recently reported with early spray-dried supplementation (205) , warrants further investigation. This observation in pigs corroborates human studies indicating that changing the environmental conditions, and in particular microbial exposure, throughout early life affects the development of immune diseases (204) .…”