Early Life Predictors of Adult Depression in a Community Cohort of Urban African Americans

Green, Kerry M.; Fothergill, Kate E.; Robertson, J. L.; Zebrak, Katarzyna A.; Banda, Deliya R.; Ensminger, Margaret E.

doi:10.1007/s11524-012-9707-5

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Numerous instruments can support the measurement of stress and depression. For instance, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview diagnoses lifetime major depressive disorder (33). The Perceived Stress Scale, developed in 1983, measures the degree to which respondents appraise situations in their lives as stressful.…”

Section: Social Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrics in Urban Health: Current Developments and Future Prospects

Prasad¹,

Gray²,

Ross³

et al. 2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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The research community has shown increasing interest in developing and using metrics to determine the relationships between urban living and health. In particular, we have seen a recent exponential increase in efforts aiming to investigate and apply metrics for urban health, especially the health impacts of the social and built environments as well as air pollution. A greater recognition of the need to investigate the impacts and trends of health inequities is also evident through more recent literature. Data availability and accuracy have improved through new affordable technologies for mapping, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing. However, less

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Section: Social Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrics in Urban Health: Current Developments and Future Prospects

Prasad¹,

Gray²,

Ross³

et al. 2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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“…Thus, the vast majority is not vulnerable even in the setting of severe medical stress. Similarly, the cumulative lifetime MDD prevalence of the general population is just 15–20% (16–18). We are therefore interested in identifying any modifiable resiliency factors that may be present in over 80% of the population, particularly focusing on those faced with medical co-morbidity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Baseline Sleep Quality With Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Interferon Treatment

Marron

Anderson

Garrity³

et al. 2015

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective Some patients with hepatitis C (HCV) starting interferon-α (IFN-α) experience depression, although many patients do not develop depressive symptoms. We have found that poor sleep is associated with increased depressive symptoms on average. It is unknown whether this association holds generally or is driven by a specific, distinct subgroup. This investigation first determined whether patterns of change in depressive symptoms form clinically meaningful, distinct sub-groups; and then tested the extent to which sleep disturbances are associated with a less favorable depression trajectory. Method Group-based trajectory modeling was used on 124 HCV patients who started IFN-α therapy. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed pre-treatment sleep, the Beck Depression Inventory minus the sleep question (BDI-s) assessed depression over time, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV provided categorical diagnoses. Results Three distinct subgroups were found, where each subgroup shared similar patterns of depressive symptoms over time. The groups were characterized as “non-depressed”, “slow increase”, and “rapid increase”. The non-depressed subgroup (44.4%) experienced low depressive symptoms with little change over time. In comparison, all rapid increasers (11.3%) were diagnosed with a mood disorder by 12 weeks of treatment. The PSQI was strongly associated with group membership,. where the odds of developing a rapid increase was elevated 39% for every unit score increase in the PSQI compared to individuals who remained non-depressed (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.07–1.80, adjusted for depression at baseline). Conclusion Only a distinct sub-population of people is notably vulnerable to a developing a rapid increase in depression symptoms during IFN-α therapy. This group may be identifiable by their markedly poor sleep prior to IFN-α therapy.

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“…Previous work by our research group and others found that the risk factors for depression, substance use, and their comorbidity differ somewhat by gender (Green, Fothergill, Robertson, Zebrak, Banda & Ensminger, 2013; Green, Zebrak, Fothergill, Robertson, & Ensminger, 2012; Fothergill, Ensminger, Green, & Robertson, & Juon, 2009), suggesting the importance of considering gender in the propensity score process.…”

Section: Combining Propensity Scores and Moderation Analysesmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…These variables were selected because of their relationship with depression and/or substance use or their statistical association with potential unobserved variables that may be predictive of depression and/or substance use. They are based on the social fields of the Life Course Social Fields Perspective, which has long guided the Woodlawn Study (Kellam et al, 1975), as well as previous empirical findings (e.g., Green et al, 2013; Green et al, 2012; Fothergill et al, 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third approach can be thought of as a compromise between the first two approaches: One propensity score model is fit, but with theoretically important gender interactions. In our motivating example, these gender interactions are based on literature suggesting that risk factors for depression and substance use vary for men and women (Doherty, Green, Reisinger & Ensminger, 2008; Green et al, 2012; Green et al, 2013; Reinherz et al, 2000). In this example, we include seven gender interactions in estimating the propensity score model; however, the choice of the number of gender interactions is at the discretion of the researcher, as no guidelines exist as to the most appropriate number.…”

Section: Combining Propensity Scores and Moderation Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining moderation analyses in propensity score methods: Application to depression and substance use.

Green

Stuart

2014

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective This study provides guidance on how propensity score methods can be combined with moderation analyses (i.e., effect modification) to examine subgroup differences in potential causal effects in non-experimental studies. As a motivating example, we focus on how depression may affect subsequent substance use differently for men and women. Method Using data from a longitudinal community cohort study (N=952) of urban African Americans with assessments in childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and midlife, we estimate the influence of depression by young adulthood on substance use outcomes in midlife, and whether that influence varies by gender. We illustrate and compare five different techniques for estimating subgroup effects using propensity score methods, including separate propensity score models and matching for men and women, a joint propensity score model for men and women with matching separately and together by gender, and a joint male/female propensity score model that includes theoretically important gender interactions with matching separately and together by gender. Results Analyses showed that estimating separate models for men and women yielded the best balance and, therefore, is a preferred technique when subgroup analyses are of interest, at least in this data. Results also showed substance use consequences of depression but no significant gender differences. Conclusions It is critical to prespecify subgroup effects before the estimation of propensity scores and to check balance within subgroups regardless of the type of propensity score model used. Results also suggest that depression may affect multiple substance use outcomes in midlife for both men and women relatively equally.

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Early Life Predictors of Adult Depression in a Community Cohort of Urban African Americans

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Metrics in Urban Health: Current Developments and Future Prospects

Metrics in Urban Health: Current Developments and Future Prospects

Association of Baseline Sleep Quality With Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Interferon Treatment

Examining moderation analyses in propensity score methods: Application to depression and substance use.

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