Early-Onset HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Schwalb, Alvaro; Pérez-Muto, Valeria; Cachay, Rodrigo; Tipismana, Martín; Álvarez, Carolina; Mejía, Fernando; González-Lagos, Elsa; Gotuzzo, Eduardo

doi:10.3390/pathogens9060450

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Some factors previously identified are hope, acceptance of pain, and optimism, which have also been observed to affect functionality. However, it has been identified that there is bi-directionality in the interaction between depression and pain, with an increase in its perception in those who are depressed; this would be even more pronounced in patients with a prolonged early-onset disease, which is not rare 2,3 .…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Involved in Pain Perception and Quality of Life in Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Criado-Martinez

Rivera‐Lozada

2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Involved in Pain Perception and Quality of Life in Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Criado-Martinez

Rivera‐Lozada

2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…HAM/TSP occurrence is generally associated with infection in adulthood through sexual transmission or blood transfusion. It is important to note that patients with juvenile HAM/TSP have been seen [62,63] and that ATLL is a major cause of death in HAM/TSP patients [64], suggesting that the transmission and pathogenesis of these two classes of HTLV-1 disease may not be entirely unrelated. Prior to onset of symptoms, clinical latency is typically anywhere from a couple of years to decades following infection (reviewed in [65,66]).…”

Section: The Clinical Spectrum Of Htlv-1 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis: Partners in Pathogenesis

et al. 2020

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Infection with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated with various clinical syndromes including co-infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, which is an intestinal parasitic nematode and the leading cause of strongyloidiasis in humans. Interestingly, HTLV-1 endemic areas coincide with regions citing high prevalence of S. stercoralis infection, making these communities optimal for elucidating the pathogenesis of co-infection and its clinical significance. HTLV-1 co-infection with S. stercoralis has been observed for decades in a number of published patient cases and case series; however, the implications of this co-infection remain elusive. Thus far, data suggest that S. stercoralis increases proviral load in patients co-infected with HTLV-1 compared to HTLV-1 infection alone. Furthermore, co-infection with HTLV-1 has been associated with shifting the immune response from Th2 to Th1, affecting the ability of the immune system to address the helminth infection. Thus, despite this well-known association, further research is required to fully elucidate the impact of each pathogen on disease manifestations in co-infected patients. This review provides an analytical view of studies that have evaluated the variation within HTLV-1 patients in susceptibility to S. stercoralis infection, as well as the effects of strongyloidiasis on HTLV-1 pathogenesis. Further, it provides a compilation of available clinical reports on the epidemiology and pathology of HTLV-1 with parasitic co-infection as well as data from mechanistic studies suggesting possible immunopathogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, specific areas of potential future research have been highlighted to facilitate advancing understanding of the complex interactions between these two pathogens.

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“…In Peru, HTLV-1 prevalence in candidate blood donors varies from 1.2% to 1.7% across regions, with higher figures for some Andean areas [10]. Most studies have taken place in Lima or the Andes [11][12][13], whereas there are scant data from the Amazon [11,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in Pregnant Women in the Peruvian Amazon and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of HTLV Infection in Peru

et al. 2021

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Background. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated leukemia/lymphoma. The infection is endemic in some areas of Peru, but its prevalence in the Peruvian Amazon is not well established. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Peru. (2) Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending health centers in the city of Iquitos, Peru, in May and June 2019. The presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 was assessed using ELISA (HTLV I + II ELISA recombinant v.4.0, Wiener lab, Rosario, Argentina). Positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot and HTLV-1 proviral load. (3) Results. The study included 300 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4). Five patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection (prevalence 1.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 3.8%). Pregnant women with HTLV-1 infection were discretely younger (mean age 22.6 [SD 22.6] vs 26.8 [SD 6.3]; p = 0.128). None of the five women had been transfused, and all were asymptomatic. Two (40%) also had a positive serology for Strongyloides, but larvae were not detected in any of the parasitological stool studies. The systematic review component identified 40 studies, which showed that the prevalence of HTLV infection in the general population was 2.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 5.3%) and in women of childbearing age, 2.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.0%). (4) Conclusion. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in the Peruvian Amazon basin is about 1.7%, indicating an endemic presence. Screening for HTLV-1 in prenatal care is warranted.

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Early-Onset HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Factors Involved in Pain Perception and Quality of Life in Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Factors Involved in Pain Perception and Quality of Life in Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis: Partners in Pathogenesis

Screening for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in Pregnant Women in the Peruvian Amazon and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of HTLV Infection in Peru

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