Early onset of breeding season in the green toad Bufotes viridis in Western Poland

Kaczmarski, Mikołaj; Szala, Klaudia; Kloskowski, Janusz

doi:10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e35825

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…If we consider the whole study area, and not only the breeding site, the size of the adult population is probably underestimated by the recapture analysis. The strongly male-biased sex ratio in our sample is typical for studies centered on water bodies where the males spend more time than the females who just visit for mating and spawning (Kovács and Sas 2010;Kaczmarski et al 2019). Observed activity showed no clear relation to weather conditions, presumably because water supply for the main spawning site was largely independent of precipitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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The European green toad, Bufotes viridis, in Donaufeld (Vienna, Austria): status and size of the population

Sistani¹,

Burgstaller²,

Gollmann³

et al. 2021

Herpetozoa

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The European green toad, Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1768), is a rare and protected species in Vienna. In spring and summer 2020, we conducted a survey to assess size and status of its population in Donaufeld, an agricultural area designated for real estate development. Recaptures of photographically registered toads allowed to estimate the population size with 137 individuals (confidence interval: 104–181). Comparatively large body size indicates the presence of a well-established population. Reproductive success was high in the study year. A mismatch mating of a male B. viridis with a female Bufo bufo was observed. Mitigation measures are needed to support this population facing imminent habitat deterioration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In Central Europe B. viridis is regarded as a synanthropic species, occurring mainly in agricultural landscapes with a warm climate (Stöck et al 2009). It also lives in gardens, parks and ruderal areas in urban environments (Kovács and Sas 2010;Kaczmarski et al 2019;Konowalik et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European green toad, Bufotes viridis, in Donaufeld (Vienna, Austria): status and size of the population

Sistani¹,

Burgstaller²,

Gollmann³

et al. 2021

Herpetozoa

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“…The June is an important month for this study because of be activity periods of amphibians. In parallel with this situation, some studies which on road kills of The green toad were performed in activity periods in the literature [31,[33][34][35] . 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Kills of Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1768): A Case Study from Konya Province of Turkey

Bülbül

KOÇ>

2022

j. of zool. res.

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The present study reports vehicle collisions of Bufotes viridis (The green toad) in Konya province from Turkey. Our study was performed in more than fifty localities on Yunak-Akşehir highway (D-695). The records were taken in a short time; it is important and remarkable to come across a large number of dead individuals of an amphibian species in a short time. Among all recorded mortalities (n= 246), the highest value belonged to subadults (45% of the cases), followed by juveniles (35% of the cases). The lowest rate among the carcasses was belonged to the adult individuals (20% of the cases). There can be many factors that cause the road kills: These factors are grouped according to the literature under the headings of “direct causes”, “indirect causes” and “potential causes” for the road kills. In this study, we evaluated the effects of some factors for Bufotes viridis. In general, all terrestrial and semi-aquatic amphibian species, which populations are located the roadsides, suffer from road kills. Because of this situation, there is a need for both further studies and habitat restorations for amphibians.

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“…The climate is within the transition zone between humid continental and oceanic, with average summer temperatures of 18.1 °C in July, winter temperatures of −1.6 °C in January, and average annual precipitation of 517 mm (WOS 2010, after Majkowska et al, 2017). In these conditions, the annual breeding season of B. viridis runs from April to early summer (Kaczmarski, Szala & Kloskowski, in press). Freshly metamorphosed individuals begin to leave the breeding pond in high densities, depending on the time the eggs are deposited, from mid-July until the end of August.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban plums and toads: do fleshy fruits affect the post-metamorphic growth of amphibians?

Kaczmarski

Tryjanowski

Kubicka

2019

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe main aim of the study was to analyse the influence of fleshy fruits (plums) on the post-metamorphic growth and feeding behaviour of the green toad Bufotes viridis. We tested the following two hypotheses: (1) juveniles of the green toad are characterised by faster growth in conditions involving fallen plums Prunus cerasifera due to the associated presence of more varied food such as invertebrates; (2) green toads exhibit more active feeding behaviour in the presence of fleshy fruits.MethodsA total of 120 fresh metamorphs of the green toad were randomly assigned to one of four groups: two experimental groups with fleshy plums and two other groups as controls (without fruits). Each group was kept in an enclosure to which wild invertebrates had free access. Each individual toad was measured for snout-vent length (mm) and body mass (g) every other day for 30 days. In order to determine whether fallen plums influence the feeding behaviour of toads, the number of active and hidden (under an artificial shelter) individuals was also noted.ResultsThe results showed that green toads from both enclosures with plums were characterised by more rapid growth than individuals from the control treatments. Simultaneously, in the enclosure with fleshy fruits, greater species richness of wild invertebrates was observed. No differences in active feeding behaviour were noted between control groups and groups with plums.DiscussionFleshy fruits, upon falling, attract many types of invertebrates; thus they may represent good dietary supplements for fresh amphibian metamorphs. Therefore, the presence of fruit trees close to a breeding site might influences the post-metamorphic growth of amphibians, but not their feeding behaviour. The presence of insects associated with fallen fruit seems to favour the occurrence of amphibian populations, which is particularly important, since, due to political and social pressure, numbers of fruit trees are currently being reduced. To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the potential influence of the presence of fruit trees on the growth and behaviour of anurans.

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Early onset of breeding season in the green toad Bufotes viridis in Western Poland

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

The European green toad, Bufotes viridis, in Donaufeld (Vienna, Austria): status and size of the population

The European green toad, Bufotes viridis, in Donaufeld (Vienna, Austria): status and size of the population

Road Kills of Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1768): A Case Study from Konya Province of Turkey

Urban plums and toads: do fleshy fruits affect the post-metamorphic growth of amphibians?

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