2023
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040830
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Early Oral Administration of Ginseng Stem-Leaf Saponins Enhances the Peyer’s Patch-Dependent Maternal IgA Antibody Response to a PEDV Inactivated Vaccine in Mice, with Gut Microbiota Involvement

Abstract: Neonatal piglets during the first week of life are highly susceptible to porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infection, with mortality rates reaching 80–100%. Passive lactogenic immunity remains the most effective way to protect neonates from infection. Although safe, inactivated vaccines provide little or no passive protection. Here, we administered ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) to mice before parenteral immunization with an inactivated PEDV vaccine to investigate the effect of GSLS on the gut–mammary… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications
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“…Additionally, they upregulate Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and IL-10) to enhance the production of Th2-dependent antibodies and improve the body’s immune responses, including antitoxin, antibacterial, antiviral, and allergy modulation [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Ginseng stem leaf saponins can also improve the activity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in the lamina propria of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and induce the conversion of B lymphocytes into IgA plasmablasts, further maturing into IgA plasma cells and secreting IgA, thereby providing an effective mucosal immune response [ 99 ]. While IgM is detectable before antigen exposure and serves as an intrinsic defense mechanism preceding adaptive immunity, ginseng stem leaf saponins possess the capability to augment the production and secretion of IgM within the organism to a certain extent [ 100 , 101 ].…”
Section: Saponins Upregulate the Expression Of Immunomodulatory Molec...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, they upregulate Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and IL-10) to enhance the production of Th2-dependent antibodies and improve the body’s immune responses, including antitoxin, antibacterial, antiviral, and allergy modulation [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Ginseng stem leaf saponins can also improve the activity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in the lamina propria of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and induce the conversion of B lymphocytes into IgA plasmablasts, further maturing into IgA plasma cells and secreting IgA, thereby providing an effective mucosal immune response [ 99 ]. While IgM is detectable before antigen exposure and serves as an intrinsic defense mechanism preceding adaptive immunity, ginseng stem leaf saponins possess the capability to augment the production and secretion of IgM within the organism to a certain extent [ 100 , 101 ].…”
Section: Saponins Upregulate the Expression Of Immunomodulatory Molec...mentioning
confidence: 99%