Early prediction of respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves using feeding and activity behaviors

Bowen, J M; Haskell, Marie J.; Miller, G. A.; Mason, Colin; Dj, Bell; Duthie, Carol-Anne

doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20373

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To our knowledge, only one study has used precision technology devices as an indicator of BRD relapse status in cattle 16 . For beef cattle, the use of a reticulorumen bolus in real-time was successful at detecting an elevated temperature (e.g., febrile response) in cattle that relapsed from the initial BRD antimicrobial intervention 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moving forward, researchers should incorporate precision technology devices into a collective working system to detect diseases. This is especially important since precision technology devices were designed to detect behavioral deviations at an individual level from a baseline, and current research has suggested that it is a combination of behaviors which results in the most accurate algorithms to detect calfhood disease 16 . For example, the initial onset of BRD was most accurately detected in bull calves when lying time, weight, and total visits to the automated feeder were included and recently lying time was validated as the most robust behavior for indicating BRD onset in calves 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially important since precision technology devices were designed to detect behavioral deviations at an individual level from a baseline, and current research has suggested that it is a combination of behaviors which results in the most accurate algorithms to detect calfhood disease 16 . For example, the initial onset of BRD was most accurately detected in bull calves when lying time, weight, and total visits to the automated feeder were included and recently lying time was validated as the most robust behavior for indicating BRD onset in calves 16 . The reason we investigated relative changes in behaviors in this study was to address if behavioral differences were robust enough to be significantly evident by individual behavioral changes in a calf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sickness behaviors often occur prior to clinical presentation due to the motivational state activated by the immune system to initially combat an infection 3 . In dairy calves, the most sensitive indicator of BRD was lying time, when using a random forest algorithm and rolling averages in lying time as machine learning techniques 16 . Depressed feeding behavior and reduced activity levels were also observed a few days before diagnosis of metabolic diseases in lactating dairy cattle 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding behavior and activity levels are associated with recovery status in dairy calves treated with antimicrobials for Bovine Respiratory Disease

Cantor

Renaud

Neave

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Calves with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) have different feeding behavior and activity levels prior to BRD diagnosis when compared to healthy calves, but it is unknown if calves who relapse from their initial BRD diagnosis are behaviorally different from calves who recover. Using precision technologies, we aimed to identify associations of feeding behavior and activity with recovery status in dairy calves (recovered or relapsed) over the 10 days after first antimicrobial treatment for BRD. Dairy calves were health scored daily for a BRD bout (using a standard respiratory scoring system and lung ultrasonography) and received antimicrobial therapy (enrofloxacin) on day 0 of initial BRD diagnosis; 10–14 days later, recovery status was scored as either recovered or relapsed (n = 19 each). Feeding behaviors and activity were monitored using automated feeders and pedometers. Over the 10 days post-treatment, recovered calves showed improvements in starter intake and were generally more active, while relapsed calves showed sickness behaviors, including depressed feed intake, and longer lying times. These results suggest there is a new potential for precision technology devices on farms in evaluating recovery status of dairy calves that are recently treated for BRD; there is opportunity to automatically identify relapsing calves before re-emergence of clinical disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feeding behavior and activity levels are associated with recovery status in dairy calves treated with antimicrobials for Bovine Respiratory Disease

Cantor

Renaud

Neave

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Raising calves in group pens can reduce labor, as the implementation of automatic feeders becomes a possibility in this system. More technologically advanced automatic feeders can monitor individual feed intakes, which can aid in the detection of disease and behavior monitoring ( Bowen et al, 2021 ); however, the capital investment for automatic feeding systems at a large scale may be unfeasible due to logistics and cost.…”

Section: The Pre-weaning Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of common practices in calf raising facilities

Machado

Ballou

2022

Translational Animal Science

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In this literature review, we overview some of the common management practices associated with calf rearing in specialized operations of the United States. Given the growing importance of dairy-beef calves entering the beef production of the US, we overview aspects related to housing, nutrition, and health events during the pre- and post-weaning period. Based on data on dairy animals, we hypothesize how early life experiences could impact the feedlot performances of dairy-beef animals. Most of the large calf raising operations, where the majority of dairy-beef animals are raised, are located in the Central Great Plains and West regions of the US. Approximately 80% of calves are individually housed, but the type of housing (e.g., outside hutch, inside a barn) varies based on location of calf-raising facilities. Milk-replacer is fed in more than 80% of operations, while milk (saleable or non-saleable) is fed in approximately 30% of calf raising facilities (some operations fed more than one type of liquid diet). In addition to liquid feed, water and calf starter are offered ad libitum to calves. Adequate starter intake at weaning is crucial for feed transition from pre- to post-weaning period, which occurs at approximately 2 months of age. Then, calves are mainly housed in group pens and transition from calf-starter to total mixed ration (TMR). Health challenges such as scours, and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) can hinder the performance of calves and are major causes of morbidity and mortality in calf ranches. Transportation at a very young age and comingling with animals from other dairies can increase the risk of diseases. Current research efforts are focusing on determining individual factors such as body weight (BW) at arrival or biomarkers of inflammation and stress that can be predictive of disease morbidity, mortality, and performance of calves. Future research should focus on how to utilize this information to optimize management and to develop targeted preventative strategies to reduce incidence of diseases and mortality and improve performance during the pre-weaned period. Also, more research is needed to understand how colostrum management, housing, and nutrition can impact the adult performance of dairy-beef animals.

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Identification of the Best Accelerometer Features and Time-Scale to Detect Disturbances in Calves

Dissanayake

McPherson

Kennedy

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Early prediction of respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves using feeding and activity behaviors

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Feeding behavior and activity levels are associated with recovery status in dairy calves treated with antimicrobials for Bovine Respiratory Disease

Feeding behavior and activity levels are associated with recovery status in dairy calves treated with antimicrobials for Bovine Respiratory Disease

Overview of common practices in calf raising facilities

Identification of the Best Accelerometer Features and Time-Scale to Detect Disturbances in Calves

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