Early puberty and risk for type 2 diabetes in men

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis The association between pubertal timing and type 2 diabetes, independent of prepubertal BMI, is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between pubertal timing and risk of adult type 2 diabetes, independent of prepubertal BMI, in Swedish men. Methods We included 30,697 men who had data for BMI at age 8 and 20 years and age at Peak Height Velocity (PHV), an objective assessment of pubertal timing, available from the BMI Epidemiology Study Gothenburg (BEST Gothenburg), Sweden. Information on type 2 diabetes (n = 1851) was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by Cox regression analysis. We observed violations of the assumption of proportional hazards for the association between age at PHV and the risk of type 2 diabetes and therefore split the follow-up period at the median age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis (57.2 years of age) to define early (≤57.2 years) and late (>57.2 years) type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Results Age at PHV was inversely associated with both early (HR 1.28 per year decrease in age at PHV, 95% CI 1.21, 1.36) and late (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.19) type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for childhood BMI, the associations between age at PHVand both early (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17, 1.31) and late (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05, 1.17) type 2 diabetes were similar. Moreover, early age at PHV predicted insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.25 per year decrease in age at PHV, 95% CI 1.17, 1.33). Assuming a higher risk among those with an age at PHV below the median, the population attributable factor indicates that 15% fewer of the diagnosed individuals would have developed type 2 diabetes had they not reached puberty early. Conclusions/interpretation These findings indicate that early puberty may be a novel independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

A retrospective cohort study on the association between poor sleep quality in junior high school students and high hemoglobin A1c level in early adults with higher body mass index values

“…Previous studies demonstrated that East Asians and Asian Americans, even those with low BMI values, were more likely to develop T2DM at a young age [ 29 , 30 ]. The absence of a relationship between early-adult BMI and type 2 diabetes may be explained by the fact that the peak height growth in adolescence continues even at the age of 20 years, resulting in no increase in BMI [ 31 ].…”

Bring the life stages into the domain of basic and clinical pharmacology

“…The age of puberty has been linked to disease and physiological abnormalities. For example, early puberty has been linked to men’s risk for type 2 diabetes ( Ohlsson et al, 2020 ). Sex-related differences in adverse drug reactions have been well-documented ( Watson et al, 2019 ).…”

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“…It usually takes 18 months to complete the growth of secondary sex organs [40] . Recent studies demonstrated that puberty age is decreasing due to unhealthy lifestyles [41][42][43] . In many countries, the puberty age is decreased and started from 12.3 years instead of 15 years.…”