Early signals of new volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera? Insights from geochemical data and physical simulations

Chiodini, Giovanni; Caliro, Stefano; Martino, Prospero De; Avino, R.; Gherardi, Fabrizio

doi:10.1130/g33251.1

Cited by 154 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…10), is probably driven by a long-term process of heating of the system. The heating, probably due to hot magmatic fluids entering the hydrothermal system (Chiodini et al 2012) causes an evident increase in the hydrothermal activity very close to the surface. Based on physical simulations, Todesco (2009) could show that the increment in the flux of hot fluids would cause water vapour condensation within and at the border of the gas plume, and, in turn, heating of the rock by the latent heat release during condensation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D algorithm based on the combined inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves for imaging and monitoring of shallow structures

2017

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S U M M A R YIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of seismic noise interferometry as it can provide a complementary approach to active source or earthquake-based methods for imaging and continuous monitoring the shallow structure of the Earth. This meaningful information is extracted from wavefields propagating between those receiver positions at which seismic noise was recorded. Until recently, noise-based imaging relied mostly on Rayleigh waves. However, considering similar wavelengths, a combined use of Rayleigh and Love wave tomography can succeed in retrieving velocity heterogeneities at depth due to their different sensitivity kernels. Here, we present a novel one-step algorithm for simultaneously inverting Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion data aiming at identifying and describing complex 3-D velocity structures. The algorithm may help to accurately and efficiently map the shear wave velocities and the Poisson ratio of the surficial soil layers. In the high-frequency range, the scattered part of the correlation functions stabilizes sufficiently fast to provide a reliable estimate of the velocity structure not only for imaging purposes but also allows for changes in the medium properties to be monitored. Such monitoring can be achieved with a high spatial resolution in 3-D and with a time resolution as small as a few hours. In this paper, we describe a recent array experiment in a volcanic environment in Solfatara (Italy) and we show that this novel approach has identified strong velocity variations at the interface between liquids and gas-dominated reservoirs, allowing localizing a region which is highly dynamic due to the interaction between the deep convection and its surroundings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D algorithm based on the combined inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves for imaging and monitoring of shallow structures

2017

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“…On the longer-term, shallow intrusions have been also suggested to induce resurgence at the surface (Kawakami et al, 2007), providing an additional cause of instability, independently of the deeper magma reservoir. Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Earth, provides an interesting example of restless volcano whose recent activity (last eruption in 1538 and successive unrest phases) results from the shallow emplacement of magma (De Siena et al, 2010;Chiodini et al, 2012). Shallow magma emplacement has also triggered large and recent eruptions.…”

Section: Challenge 3: Emplacement and Outcome Of Shallower Intrusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certainly, the tremendous improvement of the monitoring system of active and erupting volcanoes has allowed detecting many changes in the geophysical, geodetic and geochemical behavior before, during and after eruptions (e.g., Lowenstern et al, 2006;Sigmundsson et al, 2010;Chiodini et al, 2012). As a result, a significant amount of data has been collected on a reasonable amount of active volcanoes worldwide, and it is in general possible to assign some physical or chemical meaning to many detected changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great challenges in volcanology: how does the volcano factory work?

Acocella

2014

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The Campi Flegrei caldera is a nested and resurgent structure in the Campania Region, South Italy (Orsi et al 1996), possibly formed after two large caldera forming eruptions: the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (39 ka, Fedele et al 2008) and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (15 ka, Deino et al 2004). Its magmatic system is still active as testified by the occurrence of the last eruption in 1538 AD, as well as the present widespread fumaroles and hot springs activity, and the persistent state of unrest (Del Gaudio et al 2010;Chiodini et al 2003Chiodini et al , 2012Chiodini et al , 2015Moretti et al 2013). For compositionally homogenous magmas such as those extruded at the Campi Flegrei caldera (trachytes and phonolites being by far the most abundant rocks), major oxide and trace element variations cannot be used to unequivocally establish which magma evolution processes operated.…”

Section: Numerical and Experimental Studies: New Ideas For Decipherinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

Morgavi

Arienzo

Montagna

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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The most violent and catastrophic volcanic eruptions on Earth have been triggered by the refilling of a felsic volcanic magma chamber by a hotter more mafic magma. Examples include Vesuvius 79 AD, Krakatau 1883, Pinatubo 1991, and Eyjafjallajökull 2010. Since the first hypothesis, plenty of evidence of magma mixing processes, in all tectonic environments, has accumulated in the literature allowing this natural process to be defined as fundamental petrological processes playing a role in triggering volcanic eruptions, and in the generation of the compositional variability of igneous rocks. Combined with petrographic, mineral chemistry and geochemical investigations, isotopic analyses on volcanic rocks have revealed compositional variations at different length scales pointing to a complex interplay of fractional crystallization, mixing/mingling and crustal contamination during the evolution of several magmatic feeding systems. But to fully understand the dynamics of mixing and mingling

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Early signals of new volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera? Insights from geochemical data and physical simulations

Cited by 154 publications

References 19 publications

A 3D algorithm based on the combined inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves for imaging and monitoring of shallow structures

A 3D algorithm based on the combined inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves for imaging and monitoring of shallow structures

Great challenges in volcanology: how does the volcano factory work?

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

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