Early Stages of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Eklöf, R; Winblad, Bengt; Forssell, Lars

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb04875.x

“…In particular, as observed in regards of the cholinergic system decay with dementia, the level of choline intake and supplementation has been shown to improve cognitive performances in both healthy people and patients [146,147,148]. Likewise, tyrosine intake and supplementation in healthy elderly and in MCI patients offer another possible conceivable way of ameliorating the LC-NA system degeneration and cognitive decline [149,150,151,103,152,153,128]. It worth mentioning that several studies in the past linked tyrosine supplementation to increased cognitive performances in healthy subjects [154,155,156,157,158].…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An MRI Structural Study On the Adni Cohort

Plini¹,

O’Hanlon²,

Boyle³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Noradrenergic Theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the up-regulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test this theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 Controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC vol-ume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – a measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic hypothesis. Results showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on upregulation of the noradrenergic system (e.g. attention training, physical exercise and pharmacological intervention) may yield important clin-ical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

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“…In particular, as observed in regards of the cholinergic system decay with dementia, a higher level of Choline intake and supplementation has been shown to improve cognitive performances in both healthy people and patients [146,147,148]. Likewise, Tyrosine intake and supplementation in healthy elderly and in MCI patients offer another possible conceivable way of ameliorating the LC-NA system degeneration and cognitive decline [149,150,151,103,152,153,128]. It is worth mentioning that several studies in the past linked Tyrosine supplementation to increased cognitive performances in healthy subjects [154,155,156,157,158].…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative

Plini¹,

O’Hanlon²,

Boyle³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The noradrenergic theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the upregulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the Brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test the above-mentioned theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC volume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – an objective measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on Reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored along with gender differences. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic (NA) hypothesis. The antithetic relationships were also tested across the neuromodulatory subcortical systems.Results supported by bayesian modelling showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance across the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on the noradrenergic system (e.g. cognitive-attentive training, physical exercise, pharmacological and dietary interventions) may yield important clinical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

show abstract

“…In particular, as observed in regards of the cholinergic system decay with dementia, a higher level of Choline intake and supplementation has been shown to improve cognitive performances in both healthy people and patients [146,147,148]. Likewise, Tyrosine intake and supplementation in healthy elderly and in MCI patients offer another possible conceivable way of ameliorating the LC-NA system degeneration and cognitive decline [149,150,151,103,152,153,128]. It is worth mentioning that several studies in the past linked Tyrosine supplementation to increased cognitive performances in healthy subjects [154,155,156,157,158].…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative

Plini¹,

O’Hanlon²,

Boyle³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The noradrenergic theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the upregulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the Brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test the above-mentioned theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC volume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – an objective measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on Reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored along with gender differences. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic (NA) hypothesis. The antithetic relationships were also tested across the neuromodulatory subcortical systems.Results supported by bayesian modelling showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance across the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on the noradrenergic system (e.g. cognitive-attentive training, physical exercise, pharmacological and dietary interventions) may yield important clinical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

show abstract

Early Stages of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An MRI Structural Study On the Adni Cohort

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An MRI Structural Study On the Adni Cohort

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative

Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative

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