Early termination of breastfeeding among Philippine urban poor†

Guthrie, George M.; Guthrie, Helen A.; Fernandez, Tomas L.; Estrera, Nenita

doi:10.1080/03670244.1983.9990716

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Mean dietary intakes do not normally approach the value of 2 mg quoted as the adult female RDA; mean intakes ranging from 0-88 to 1-60 mg/d have been reported (see Driskell & Chrisley, 1981). Guthrie & Crocetti (1983) also pointed out that it is difficult to plan menus that meet the RDA using commonly acceptable combinations of foods at the energy intakes reported for US populations. The RDA is based primarily on results of depletion-repletion experiments.…”

Section: Are the Rda Too High?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin B, requirement is related to protein intake, and the second basis for establishing the RDA is 0.02 mg vitamin B,/g protein intake. On the basis that many adult-female diets do contain up to 100 g protein/d, the US RDA was set at 2.0 mg. Guthrie & Crocetti (1983), however, have pointed out that the average protein intake for adult women is about 70 g/d and that many take less than 100 g. The Canadian RDA (Department for National Health and Welfare, 1982) are based on 0.02 mg/g average protein intake, and stand at 1.5 mg for women, with an additional 0.5 mg for pregnancy and 0.6 mg for lactation. Using these values the mean intakes of Cambridge mothers ranged from 52 to 78% of requirement.…”

Section: Are the Rda Too High?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating mothers of good socio-economic status in Cambridge, UK: some implications for recommended daily allowances of minor nutrients

1986

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1. Forty-two mothers from social classes I, I1 and IIInon-manual and twenty-one from social classes IIImanual (M), IV and V were studied longitudinally. The mean daily nutrient intakes in months 4-9 of pregnancy, months 2 4 of lactation and 3 and 6 months post-lactation are presented and are compared with the U K and the US recommended daily allowances (RDA).2. The quality of the diets (nutrients per 4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) was found to be better than that of other adult female populations studied in the UK, except for a group of dietitians.3. The mean daily intakes of nutrients for which there are UK RDA were almost all greater than 100% of the RDA. The exceptions were iron, which in the manual group (social classes IIIM, IV and V) was 85% of the RDA in pregnancy and 75% post-lactation, and vitamin D.4. Among the nutrients for which there are US, but not UK RDA, only phosphorus and vitamin B,, intakes were greater than 100% of the RDA in both groups at all stages of the study. Intakes of other nutrients were below the RDA: pantothenate 7G91, vitamin B,, zinc, vitamin E and copper 4G72, folate 2144, and biotin <20% of the RDA.5. The bases of the RDA for adult women were examined; for most nutrients the information is limited. It was concluded that the RDA for magnesium, vitamin E and pantothenate are probably higher than necessary and that deficiency is unlikely; that zinc, copper, vitamin B, and folate are probably 'marginal' nutrients for 'at risk' groups; and that information on biotin is insufficient even roughly to assess the dietary requirement.Recommended daily allowances (RDA) are normally set at levels believed to cover the needs of the majority of the population.. The Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) (I 979) defines them as 'the amount of the nutrient which should be provided per head in a group of people if the needs of practically all members of the group are to be met', and in the USA the National Research Council (1980) Food and Nutrition Board defines them as 'the level of intake . . . considered . . . adequate to meet the . . . needs of practically all healthy persons'.There are three main bases for establishing RDA: knowledge of the intakes of apparently normal, healthy populations and of populations known to be deficient; knowledge of the amounts required to cure clinical or biochemical signs of deficiency; and studies of metabolism such as measurement of rates of nutrient turnover, or of levels required to maintain metabolic balance or tissue saturation. Such information is used to establish an average requirement for the population, which is then increased by a factor to allow for variability of requirement within that population, and a further factor to allow for inefficient utilization (poor absorption, inefficient conversion of precursors, etc.).The tendency therefore is to set RDA higher rather than lower, and to set them at levels greater than the needs of many individual members of the population. This tendency may be exaggerated when information on which to base estimates o...

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Section: Are the Rda Too High?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are the Rda Too High?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating mothers of good socio-economic status in Cambridge, UK: some implications for recommended daily allowances of minor nutrients

1986

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“…Perhaps due in part to these efforts, BF rates in the U.S. have steadily increased since the 1990s (Ryan, 1997; Wolf, 2003), though the former remain well below targeted public health goals (Forste & Hoffmann, 2008; Grummer-Strawn et al, 2008). Increased adoption of formula-feeding, shorter BF durations, and the abandonment of traditional BF practices were also observed in many developing populations worldwide during 1980s and 1990s (Adair et al, 1993; Akin et al, 1986; Ferry & Smith, 1983 ; Guthrie et al, 1983; Howrigan, 1988; Huffman, 1984; Winikoff et al, 1988). Though BF is currently on the rise in many developing countries (Lutter & Morrow, 2013), less than half of infants in these populations are exclusively breastfed for six months (Marriott et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modernization is associated with intensive breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Amazon

Veile

Martin

McAllister

et al. 2014

Social Science & Medicine

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For many traditional, non-industrialized populations, intensive and prolonged breastfeeding buffers infant health against poverty, poor sanitation, and limited health care. Due to novel influences on local economies, values, and beliefs, the traditional and largely beneficial breastfeeding patterns of such populations may be changing to the detriment of infant health. To assess if and why such changes are occurring in a traditional breastfeeding population, we document breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Tsimane, a forager-horticulturalist population in the early stages of modernization. Three predictions are developed and tested to evaluate the general hypothesis that modernizing influences encourage less intensive breastfeeding in the Tsimane: 1) Tsimane mothers in regions of higher infant mortality will practice more intensive BF; 2) Tsimane mothers who are located closer to a local market town will practice more intensive BF; and 3) Older Tsimane mothers will practice more intensive BF. Predictions were tested using a series of maternal interviews (from 2003-2011, n=215) and observations of mother-infant dyads (from 2002-2007, n=133). Tsimane breastfeeding patterns were generally intensive: 72% of mothers reported initiating BF within a few hours of birth, mean (± SD) age of CF introduction was 4.1±2.0 months, and mean (± SD) weaning age was 19.2±7.3 months. There was, however, intra-population variation in several dimensions of breastfeeding (initiation, frequency, duration, and complementary feeding). Contrary to our predictions, breastfeeding was most intensive in the most modernized Tsimane villages, and maternal age was not a significant predictor of breastfeeding patterns. Regional differences accounted for variation in most dimensions of breastfeeding (initiation, frequency, and complementary feeding). Future research should therefore identify constraints on breastfeeding in the less modernized Tsimane regions, and examine the formation of maternal beliefs regarding infant feeding.

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“…Most of the loss of longitudinal survey data occurred when women returned to their parents' residence in another area for 1 or 2 months soon after delivery. These drop-out rates approximate those experienced in small scale longitudinal surveys undertaken in the Metro Cebu area in the past (Guthrie, 1983;Guthrie et ai, 1980). Background data from the baseline file were merged with the six longitudinal data files to provide a complete 1-year post-partum history of contraceptive behaviour and background characteristics for each woman and household.…”

Section: Sampling and Datamentioning

confidence: 54%

“…A considerable body of family planning data and research results yields much information on the practice of traditional and other method use in the Philippines. Table 1 presents estimates of prevalence among married women aged 15-44, by method, from Philippine surveys taken in 1968, 1972, 1978, and 1983. Laing, Osteria & Cort (1973 analysed data from the first nation-wide survey on contraceptive practice in the Philippines, the 1968 National Demographic Survey, conducted 3 years before the national Family Planning Program was started.…”

Section: Traditional Methods Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Contraceptive prevalence and continuation: a longitudinal analysis of traditional and other method users in the Philippines

Schwartz

Flieger²

1989

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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Contraceptive prevalence rates and estimates of continuation rates are derived from unique longitudinal data on post-partum behaviour collected in the Cebu region of the Philippines. Continuation rates vary by base-line and time-varying socioeconomic characteristics for certain contraceptive methods and for using no contraception. Calendar rhythm users have a much lower relative continuation rate than has been found in cross-sectional samples. For women who use a contraceptive method, breast-feeding does not appear to influence contraceptive continuation, but for those who use no methods, breast-feeding appears to substitute for other forms of contraception. Profiles by socioeconomic characteristics of those who continue to use each type of contraceptive method and who use no method could be used to direct family planning programmes towards population sub-groups. The results suggest that for women wishing to postpone a pregnancy, a family planning programme aimed at the young and less educated could effectively increase contraceptive use and continuation.

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Early termination of breastfeeding among Philippine urban poor†

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

The nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating mothers of good socio-economic status in Cambridge, UK: some implications for recommended daily allowances of minor nutrients

The nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating mothers of good socio-economic status in Cambridge, UK: some implications for recommended daily allowances of minor nutrients

Modernization is associated with intensive breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Amazon

Contraceptive prevalence and continuation: a longitudinal analysis of traditional and other method users in the Philippines

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