Early Virus Clearance and Delayed Antibody Response in a Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With a History of Coinfection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus

Zhao, Juanjuan; Liao, Xuejiao; Wang, Haiyan; Wei, Lanlan; Xing, Mingzhao; Liu, Lei; Zhang, Zheng

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa408

Cited by 119 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the clinical outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 because, to the best of our knowledge, only case reports or small case series have so far been published. [5][6][7] Treated people living with HIV who have a normal CD4 T cell count and suppressed viral load may not be at increased risk of serious illness, but many also have other conditions that increase their overall risk: almost half of HIV patients are males, aged >50 years, and affected by chronic cardiovascular and lung diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19

Gervasoni

Meraviglia

Riva

et al. 2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases

241

256

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19

Gervasoni

Meraviglia

Riva

et al. 2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases

241

256

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“…Information about the impact of HIV co‐infection on COVID‐19 transmission, morbidity and mortality is limited. By 20 April 2020, there were only eight case reports of COVID‐19/HIV co‐infection published in the scientific literature, none from Africa [6‐9]. As of June 2020, South Africa reported 2352 cases of COVID‐19 in PLHIV in the Western Cape, accounting for 18% of all COVID‐19 cases there [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEPFAR’s response to the convergence of the HIV and COVID‐19 pandemics in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Golin

Godfrey²,

Firth

et al. 2020

J Intern AIDS Soc

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Introduction The COVID‐19 pandemic reached the African continent in less than three months from when the first cases were reported from mainland China. As COVID‐19 preparedness and response plans were rapidly instituted across sub‐Saharan Africa, many governments and donor organizations braced themselves for the unknown impact the COVID‐19 pandemic would have in under‐resourced settings with high burdens of PLHIV. The potential negative impact of COVID‐19 in these countries is uncertain, but is estimated to contribute both directly and indirectly to the morbidity and mortality of PLHIV, requiring countries to leverage existing HIV care systems to propel COVID‐19 responses, while safeguarding PLHIV and HIV programme gains. In anticipation of COVID‐19‐related disruptions, PEPFAR promptly established guidance to rapidly adapt HIV programmes to maintain essential HIV services while protecting recipients of care and staff from COVID‐19. This commentary reviews PEPFAR’s COVID‐19 technical guidance and provides country‐specific examples of programme adaptions in sub‐Saharan Africa. Discussion The COVID‐19 pandemic may pose significant risks to the continuity of HIV services, especially in countries with high HIV prevalence and weak and over‐burdened health systems. Although there is currently limited understanding of how COVID‐19 affects PLHIV, it is imperative that public health systems and academic centres monitor the impact of COVID‐19 on PLHIV. The general principles of the HIV programme adaptation guidance from PEPFAR prioritize protecting the gains in the HIV response while minimizing in‐person home and facility visits and other direct contact when COVID‐19 control measures are in effect. PEPFAR‐supported clinical, laboratory, supply chain, community and data reporting systems can play an important role in mitigating the impact of COVID‐19 in sub‐Saharan Africa. Conclusions As community transmission of COVID‐19 continues and the number of country cases rise, fragile health systems may be strained. Utilizing the adaptive, data‐driven programme approaches in facilities and communities established and supported by PEPFAR provides the opportunity to strengthen the COVID‐19 response while protecting the immense gains spanning HIV prevention, testing and treatment reached thus far.

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“…Hence, information on SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with HIV is of great concern. There were rare publications on this topic [6,7]. Herein we reported cases of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, demonstrating clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and prognosis in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…More recently, Zhao and colleagues has reported a case of COVID-19 with co-infection with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus, whose SARS-CoV-2 RNA were persistently negative while anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody was positive even after 42 days. The possible explanations by authors were that anti-HIV treatment had anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects, and early incomplete clearance of virus contributed to delay antibody response [6]. However, a potentially high false negative rate of nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in the early stage [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Chen¹,

Xiao²,

Cao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread over the globe. The knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients was limited. Case presentation: We presented here two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cases with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 and clinically confirmed COVID-19, respectively. The patients both presented with fever at illness onset and patchy shadows in radiological images of lungs. Laboratory findings revealed leukopenia, lymphopenia and positive anti-HIV antibody. The younger case had a moderate course and was discharged after a 28-day hospitalization. However, the elder case with multiple comorbidities developed dyspnea and died on the fourth day after admission. Conclusions: Combining our data with two case reports, we summarize that disease course varies in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19. More attention should be paid to the management of these patients. Whether there is any difference about clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 between HIV-infected and non-HIV infected patients, remains to be further investigated.

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Early Virus Clearance and Delayed Antibody Response in a Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With a History of Coinfection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus

Cited by 119 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19

PEPFAR’s response to the convergence of the HIV and COVID‐19 pandemics in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

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