“…The variation in heritability estimates for young children could be due to the different measures and reporters used, and these issues may be compounded by longitudinal non-invariance. That is, there is a distinct possibility that researchers using very young samples may be tapping into a psychological construct that differs from the traditional conceptualization of CU traits seen in adolescents and adults (e.g., Obradović et al, 2007) The picture of CU trait heritability among general population samples of individuals in late childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood (aged 7-19) is much less variable, ranging from 36-67% (Bezdjian, Raine, Baker, & Lynam, 2011;Blonigan, Hicks, Kreuger, Patrick, & Iacono, 2006;Ficks, Dong, & Waldman, 2014;Henry et al, 2018a;Henry et al, 2018b;Henry, Pingault, Boivin, Rijsdijk, & Viding, 2016;Kendler, Patrick, Larsson, Gardner, & Lichtenstein, 2013;Larsson, Andershed, & Lichtenstien, 2006;O'Nions et al, 2015;Taylor, Loney, Bobadilla, Iacono, & McGue, 2003;Mann, Briley, Tucker-Drob, & Harden, 2015;Tuvblad, Bezdjian, Raine, & Baker, 2014;Viding et al, 2013;Viding, Frick, & Plomin, 2007). Furthermore, two studies of this age range suggest that genetic factors account for a substantial proportion of stable variation in CU traits across time; 58% from age 17 to 24 (Blonigan et al, 2006) and up to 89% across ages 7-12 (Henry et al, 2018a).…”