“…The climate system is complex and chaotic (Shi, 2009). The abrupt climate change is described as the system transitioning from one stable state to another (Thom, 1972;Tong et al, 2014), i.e., the system swings between different states (Lorenz, 1976;Charney and DeVore, 1979), and it also has been verified in the climate system (Dai et al, 2012;Baker and Charlson, 1990;Wang et al, 2012;Alley et al, 2003;Xiao et al, 2011). Detection methods (Wan and Zhang, 2008;Fu and Wang, 1992;Yamamoto et al, 1986) have been greatly developed.…”