Earth's balanced climates in view of their energy budgets

Abstract

Earth’s well-known energy budget scheme is subjected to variations representing changes of insolation and atmospheric absorption. The Charney Report variability cases of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration and insolation increase by 2 % are found reproducible. The planetary emissivity is revealed linear to surface temperature, conformant with measurements. Atmospheric water vapor with its characteristic concentration-temperature dependency appears as a major component in Earth’s energy balancing mechanisms. From this, shift towards fewer and stronger rainfall events is prescribed for rising temperatures.

The climate roles of H2O and CO2 from longwave absorption

“…With an uptake ratio u = 0.21 on the yearly absorption change (δQ A ), the result for the atmospheric radiation change is obtained as 2.35 W/m 2 after the disturbance period, thus indicating the new equilibrium case. This compares well with the 2.4 W/m 2 obtained for the same variability scenario in the earlier energy budget studies [9], there also re ecting equilibrium conditions.…”

“…on 57 W/m 2 at reference conditions. As outlined in [9], the proportionality scheme is consistent with energy budget considerations, there corresponding with the longwave radiation from the atmosphere to the surface. Furthermore, the proportionality scheme is consistent with simpli ed planetary emittance modelling over a wide range of climates and up to 4 billion years of history [10].…”

Planetary Emittance And Feedback Parameters Through Varying Climates In Basic Modelling

“…This compares to 169 W/m 2 of total planetary emittance from the atmosphere (cf. [2]), i.e. 10 % as rule-of-thumb.…”

“…The present value is taken as 40 W/m 2 (cf. [2]). Thus, the window emittance is estimated to increase by about 0.6 W/m 2 /K for a surface temperature rise of 1 K. This is equivalent to a feedback parameter of -0.6 W/m 2 /K, the minus sign since the emittance increase represents a cooling contribution counteracting the associated temperature increase.…”

“…The wavelength span for each regime is determined to match the reported 169 W/m 2 of emittance at 289 K (cf. [2] with original references); in result, the wavelength spans are 3 μm for the 15 μm-CO 2 -regime, 11.7 and 9 μm for the regimes at 7 and 21 μm, respectively. To avoid a radiation bias dependent on surface temperature with the effect to synchronize model surface radiation with the (ideal) blackbody radiance, the wavelength spans vary with surface temperature by -0.009 and 0.005 μm/K for 7 and 21 μm, respectively.…”