Easy preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials from peptides of silk fibroins and their use to produce a high volumetric energy density in supercapacitors

Flexible energy storage devices 1Ϫ3 have many potential applications in portable electronic devices, 4Ϫ6 including roll-up display, electronic paper, stretchable integrated circuits, and wearable systems for personal multimedia, computing, or medical devices. Flexible supercapacitors are available with large power density, moderate energy density, good operational safety, and long cycling life and hence are highly desirable as a modern energy storage system. 7 A freestanding binder-free electrode with favorable mechanical strength and large capacitance is a vital component of a flexible supercapacitor. Although transition metal oxides and conducting polymers have been widely studied as supercapacitor electrode materials, only carbon-based materials have shown favorable flexibility and hence been promising as freestanding soft electrodes. Papers, films, and/or clothes made from carbon nanotubes/fibers have been demonstrated to be suitable as freestanding electrodes.2,8Ϫ13 Nevertheless, the less active surface of carbon materials always prevents them from high capacitance performance. The incorporation of an electrochemically active second phase in a carbonbased freestanding electrode can dramatically enhance the electrode capacitance.14 Graphene is an intriguing twodimensional carbon material and has attracted much research attention due to several breakthroughs in fundamental research and promising practical applications. 15Ϫ30Chemical modified graphene exhibits enormous active edges and oxygen functional groups. It has extraordinary electrochemical and mechanical properties comparable to or even better than carbon nanotubes. 21,26,27 Flexible papers with graphene sheet or graphene oxide sheet as sole building block have already been fabricated by flow-directed assembly. 16,25,31,32 Graphene paper presents excellent tensile modulus up to 35 GPa and room temperature electrical conductivity of 7200 S m Ϫ1. 25 These intriguing characteristics enable graphene paper as a freestanding electrode. Various conducting polymers have been widely studied as electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their high capacitance, easy production, and low cost. However, poor conductivity and weak flexibility of conducting polymers limit them from usage in high-performance flexible supercapacitors. It has been confirmed that graphene can enhance not only the electric conductivity of silica 18 but especially the mechanical strength of polymer composites. 21 This work is aimed to prepare graphene-conducting polymer composite paper as a flexible electrode combining the advantages of graphene paper (high

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“…41,43 The volumetric capacitance of the G-paper and GPCP is also larger than that of a graphene/binder paste electrode (ϳ53 F cm…”

Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Paper via In Situ Anodic Electropolymerization for High-Performance Flexible Electrode

et al. 2009

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“…A simple procedure to form nitrogen-doped carbons is carbonization of nitrogen containing organic compounds, mainly resins, but the subsequent activation processes to increase S BET markedly reduce W N [5][6][7][8]. Alternatively, activated carbons have been treated with nitrogen-containing compounds such as urea [8,9] and melamine [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MgO-templated nitrogen-containing carbons derived from different organic compounds for capacitor electrodes

Konno

Onishi

Yoshizawa

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Tubular g-C 3 N 4 shows a better performance than many other carbon based materials, such as those listed in Table S1. † [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] The electrode composed of tubular g-C 3 N 4 has a high porosity and large surface area that allows a continuous charge distribution. 34 Thus, the high specic capacitance can be attributed to the large BET surface area as it increases the electrode-electrolyte contact area and makes ion transport more feasible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular graphitic-C3N4: a prospective material for energy storage and green photocatalysis

et al. 2013

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We have established a facile and scaleable approach to fabricate tubular graphitic-C3N4 using melamine. The construction of the unique tubular morphology is a result of the pre-treatment of melamine with HNO3. Herein, for the first time, we have explored the electrochemical properties of g-C3N4 as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Tubular g-C3N4 has significant advantages due to its distinctive morphology, high surface area (182.61 m 2 g -1 ) and combination of carbon with nitrogen. Therefore, tubular g-C3N4 demonstrated a good specific capacitance of 233 F g -1 at a current density of 0.2 A g -1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, tubular g-C3N4 maintained a high capacitance retention capability (90%) after 1000 cycles. The photocatalytic activity of tubular g-C3N4 was evaluated using the organic dyes such as Methylene Blue (MB) and Methylene Orange (MO) under visible light. Tubular g-C3N4 demonstrated good photocatalytic activity and enhanced stability compared to bulk g-C 3N4. The enhanced performance is because of the high surface area, which contains more active sites for reaction. The encouraging performance of tubular g-C3N4 in supercapacitors and as a photocatalyst points toward it being a prospective material for energy storage that is environmentally clean. The Royal Society of Chemistry. We have established a facile and scaleable approach to fabricate tubular graphitic-C 3 N 4 using melamine.The construction of the unique tubular morphology is a result of the pre-treatment of melamine with points toward it being a prospective material for energy storage that is environmentally clean.

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Easy preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials from peptides of silk fibroins and their use to produce a high volumetric energy density in supercapacitors

Cited by 218 publications

References 22 publications

Fabrication of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Paper via In Situ Anodic Electropolymerization for High-Performance Flexible Electrode

Fabrication of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Paper via In Situ Anodic Electropolymerization for High-Performance Flexible Electrode

MgO-templated nitrogen-containing carbons derived from different organic compounds for capacitor electrodes

Tubular graphitic-C3N4: a prospective material for energy storage and green photocatalysis

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